Bone Physiology Flashcards
(433 cards)
Nuclear Membrane
made up of phospholipid bilayer Nucleus ramps up transfer translation and makes up a lot of hemoglobin Nucleus spits out and there is no more ability for making hemoglobin, Dead packet of hemoglobin Cell lasts 120 days bc there’s nothing to replenish cell membrane. Red cell becomes fragile and friable as it goes through the nooks and crannies of the spleen. liver and spleen where the red blood cells go through. It will be broken and will be reused
Endoplasmic Reticulum
transport vesicles and replenish Golgi Apparatus, and it will eventually produce secretory vesicles in some cells. Phospholipids are made deep within a cell.
Cell Membrane
Impermeable
Peripheral Proteins
lie along inside cell membrane, not embedded in the cell membrane, serves several purposes: transport (sometimes), cell signaling pathways found in the cells, but the Inner portion cell membrane. Serve specific purposes: could be involved in transport. Involved in the cell signaling pathway. Commonly involved with activating intracellular pathways to make other molecules inside the cell.
Cell Signaling Pathway
peripheral proteins are involved with the pathway. But it’s a pathway that activates some type of activity within the cell. Transferred to the inner translation to make something else.
Integral Proteins
embedded in phospholipid bilayer and span the entire the width or breadth of the phospholipid bilayer. Functions as a channel to allow molecules to travel through. The type of molecules that go through are water soluble. Proteins have a large number of negatively charged ions associated with them. Water transports easily across the cell membrane through some of the channels.
Cell to Cell Recognition
Protein that is embedded but doesn’t have a channel
Glycolipids
involved in the cell to cell recognitions. On surface of cell membrane are glycolipids serving as receptors or markers, has sugar and fat in it.
Proteins
55% proteins, make up majority of the mass in the cell membranes
Cholesterol
makes up 13% of the cell membrane. 4 ring carbon structure. Lipid loving. Cholesterol is good and bad. They are a innocent bystander in cardiovascular disease. It could just be bad genes. And for vast majority of population it’s high blood pressure and inflammation that cause cardiovascular disease.
Cholesterol does two things to the Cell Membrane
- Provides more movement of phosphate heads within the cell membrane. Makes cell membrane more dynamic. 2. Makes it easier for steroid molecules to pass through the cell membrane. Steroid molecules do not need to pass through the channels. It can go through directly. Pass through the cell membrane and bind into intracellular receptors.
Physical Isolation
protective barrier between what’s outside the cell and inside the cell.
Regulation
regulates exchange of materials between outside and inside the cell.
Sensitivity
Monitor what’s outside the cell or external environment
Structural Support
this cell membrane is loosely attached to micro filaments. Binding to that helps it provide shape and support for the cell and cell’s neighbor
Impermeable
Nothing can pass through the cell
Freely Permeable
Anything can pass through the cell
Semi-Permeable
Allows certain things to pass through and other things not pass through
Diffusion
Sodium moving across. Movement of specific molecule from the area of higher concentration to its area of lower concentration until the concentration gradient is eliminated
Gradient
Is a difference
Why does diffusion occur
Because of Brownian motion. Thats the Molecular motion imparted in most molecules we’re dealing with. If we increase the heat, the water has a certain amount of molecular motion to it. Heat will cause water to go through a phase change. Heat imparted into the system that causes the molecular motion.
Osmosis
Diffusion of water; higher concentration to lower concentration until the concentration gradient is eliminated; Random motion that allows or causes this to happen.
Solute
Substance dissolved in a aqueous or liquid solution
Solution
The fluid containing dissolved solutes Biological system: The solution is always water