Bone Pathology Flashcards
Bone histology features
Lacunae (osteocytes present)
Circumferential lamellae
Interstitial lamellae
Periosteum
Osteon
Volkmans Canal
Haversian canal
Modes of bone remodelling (3)
- Mechanical stimuli
- Systemic hormones
PTH, Vit D, Oestrogen - Cytokines
Interleukin 1+6
Special tests for bone pathology (5)
Blood Calcium
Osteoblast activity
Osteoclast activity
PTH
Vit D
What is osteogenesis imperfecta?
Type I collagen defect
Clinical presentation of osteogenesis imperfecta (4)
Brittle bones
Blue sclera
Early hearing loss
Multiple bone fractures
What does rarefying osteitis mean?
Not diagnosis
PAP, PA granulomas/abscesses/cysts
Name examples of developmental bone abnormalities (4)
- Osteogenesis Imperfecta
- Achondroplasia
- Osteopetrosis
- Fibrous dysplasia
Name examples of developmental bone abnormalities (4)
- Osteogenesis Imperfecta
- Achondroplasia
- Osteopetrosis
- Fibrous dysplasia
What is achondroplasia?
Autosomal dominant
Poor endochondral ossification
Clinical features of achondroplasia
Dwarfism
Shortened long bones
Frontal bossing
What is ostepetrosis?
Decreased bone resorption due to impaired function of osteoclasts (too much bone)
What if fibrous dysplasia?
Gene defect
Slow growing asymptomatic bony swelling
Histology of fibrous dysplasia
No capsule
No osteoblasts
Cellular fibrous tissue
Reasons for bone necrosis (3)
Osteomyelitis
Avascular necrosis
Irradiation
What is osteoporosis
Too little bone
Resorption exceeds formation
Aetiology of osteoporosis
Ca status
Physical activity
Age
Different types of Hyperparathyroidism
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Cause of rickets
Vit D deficiency
Low calcium
Lack of sunlight
Diet
Malabsorption
Examples of giant cell lesions of the jaw
Peripheral giant cell epulis
Central giant cell granuloma
What is cherubism?
Abnormal bone disorder
Autosomal dominant inheritance
What is pagets?
Decreased bone turnover
Who does pagets affect?
M>F
>40
Serum biochemistry for pagets
Increased alkaline phosphatase
Clinical presentation of pagets
Bone swelling
Pain
Nerve compression
Increase in size of skulll
Complain about dentures getting tight over time
Stages of Pagets
- Lytic - bone resorption
- Mixed - resorption + deposition
- Sclerotic - deposition
Dental relevance of lytic stage
Heavy bleeding during XLa
Active stage
Dental relevance of sclerotic stage
Hardly any bleeding
Increased dry socket + necrosis due to compressed BS
Dental changes in regards to Pagets (4)
- Loss of lamina dura
- Hypercementosis
- Migration
- Bulging of root
Histology of Pagets
Osteoblasts + osteoclasts
Name 2 benign bone tumours
Osteoma
Osteoblastoma
