Bone Nutrition Flashcards
What happens to calcium during pregnancy?
Ca Absorption doubles during pregnancy.
More calcium is sent to the bones and more calcium is absorbed from the gut. The extra is sent to the kidneys and sent out as urine and given to the fetus.
What happens to calcium during lactation?
There is no increase in gut absorption and so the large amount of calcium that is sent to breast milk is taken from the bones and increased reabsorption by the kidneys. Leads to bone loss that should quickly be compensated for when lactation terminates.
What is the female athlete triad of too much exercise?
Amenorrhea
Osteoporosis
Disordered eating
What is the biggest factor for peak bone mass?
Genetics influence 60-80% of your peak bone mass.
Other 20-40% determined by nutrition and Physical Activity.
What are the only lifestyle factors that are supported by evidence?
Amount of Ca and Vitamin D taken in. Amount of Dairy taken in.
Also exercise for structure and bone density.
What are all of the nutritional factors involved in bone health?
Ca, Vit D, K, E, A
Mg, Fluoride, FE, Phosphorus, Phytoestorgens, Boron, Caffeine, NA, Omega-3, Phtate and oxalate, Fiber, Homocysteine (B6, B12, and folic acid).
What is the rule of 300?
Quick way to calculate Ca intake. Multiply each dairy intake by 300 and then add 300 for balanced diet.
Are oxalates high in Ca?
Yes, but things like spinach, rhubarb, okra, beets, and Swiss chard don’t have much bio available Ca even though they contain high Ca.
Which type of supplement of Ca is best, and which should be avoided while pregnant?
Calcium carbonate (tums) Bone meal, oyster shell, dolomite (has lead)
What does the most recent research on vitamin D levels show is low
Anything lower than 12.4 ng/mL should be fine except for at risk populations (postmenopausal and GI problem individuals)
Mg is involved in bone development, but hasn’t been proved to benefit bone metabolism. Why shouldn’t these supplements be taken with Ca supplements?
Mg supplements with Ca supplements lower Ca absorption.
Are vitamin K and C involved in bone metabolism?
Yes, Vitamin K is involved in Carboxylase on of Osteocalcin to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Proved to lower risk fracture, but not to lower risk of osteoporosis
Vitamin C is cofactors for hydroxylation of lys and pro for collagen synthesis, but more research is needed.
What is special about fluoride supplements?
The FDA does not approve them to treat osteoporosis.
Is caffeine associated with bone health?
Yes, but very small lowered effect on Ca absorption.
Systematic review should less than 400 mg/day of caffiene had no adverse effect on Ca
