Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Thyroid Gland And Bone Metabolism > Bone Mineralisation > Flashcards

Bone Mineralisation Flashcards

1
Q

Vit D preperations

A

Cholecalciferol and calcitriol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Calcimimetic agents

A

Cinacalcet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Agents acting on bone mineral metabolism

A

Alendronic acid, zolendronic acid, Denozumab, Teriparatide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Main elements of bone

A

Calcium and phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PTH and vit D also play a role in

A

Bone mineral metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

PTH is

A

Primary regulator of metabolism in bones and kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PTH has direct effect on – receptor and indirectly on —–

A

Direct effect on osteoblast PTH receptor and indirect on osteoclasts,by RANK /OPG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PTH action

A

Increase serum calcium and this is partially achieved by enhanced bone demineralization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bone remodelling

A

Balance between bone resorption and formation process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

RANK expression is provided by

A

Osteoclast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

OPG is secreted by

A

Osteoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In presence of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF),RANKL stimulate

A

Osteoclast activity and bone resorption (This is main practice factor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

OPG are

A

Osteoblast secreted soluble misleading receptor for RANKL to bind, to stop osteoclast activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Balance between Osteoblast OPG secretion and osteoclast RANKL expression are modulated by

A

Various hormones and cytokines like PTH,vit D,sex hormone,IL-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

OPG full form

A

Osteoprotegerin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Calcitonin increase

A

Calcium and phosphate excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PTH hormone increase calcitriol ,and thereby

A

Increase calcium reabsorption from kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Increased amount of calcium and phosphate are absorbed from gut into blood stream are stimulated by

A

Calcitriol (D3), Denozumab, Ergocalciferol (vitD2), Teriparatide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Calcitonin is a functional antagonist of

A

PTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hypercalcaemia treatment

A

Calcitonin,Bisphosphonates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hypocalcemia treatment

A

Calcitriol , Denozumab, Teriparatide, Ergocalciferol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

PTH action

A

On decreased plasma calcium -increase PTH secretion -increase calcitriol D3 formation in kidney -increase calcium absorption from gut and; increased bone resorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Calcitonin is secreted in

A

Thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Osteoporosis is

A

Decreased bone mineral density or bone mass loss-brittle bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

BMD control is indicated for

A

Postmenopausal women after 65years and men over 70 ,to reduce fracture risk from primary osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Causes of secondary osteoporosis

A

Medications like glucocorticoid,loop diuretics,proton pump inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Inadequate bone mineralization in children

A

Rickets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Inadequate bone mineralization in adults

A

Osteomalacia (soft bones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Renal osteoporosis (osteodystrophy)

A

CKD with GFR less than 30-decresed activation of vit D in kidney and hypocalcemia (no absorptions happening),also cause hyperphosphatemia.Decreased serum calcium further activate PTH-secondary parathyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Anti resorptives

A

Bisphosphonates,RANKL inhibitors, estrogens/androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Osteoanabolic agents

A

PTH analogue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Medicines for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis

A

Vit D and analogue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Bisphosphonates

A

Analogue of pyrophosphate,which are resistant to pyrophosphate utilizing enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Bisphosphonates action

A

Inhibit farnesylpyrophosphate synthetase, binds to bone hydroxyapatite crystals and inhibit bone resorption, Together with calcium,does osteoclast inhibition and apoptosis,….. Anti resorptive effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Zolendronic acid has higher effects than Bisphosphonates

A

As it represents amino Bisphosphonates by adding nitrogen containg side chain

36
Q

Zolendronic acid has high

A

Hydroxyapatite affinity

37
Q

Administration of zolendronic acid

A

Once in 12 months,T1/2 -10 years

38
Q

Bisphosphonates

A

Alendronic acid and zolendronic acid

39
Q

Uses of Bisphosphonates

A

Osteoporosis in postmenopause and andropause,bone tumor metastasis, secondary osteoporosis

40
Q

SE of Bisphosphonates (alendronic acid and zolendronic acid)

A

Hypocalcemia,For p/o:GIT irritation, for I/v form:acute phase reactions like flu like symptoms,rare osteonecrosis of jaw bone

41
Q

Severe hypocalcemia may manifest as

A

Cardiac arrythmia, neurological symptoms like seizures, tetany

42
Q

Oral Bisphosphonates use guide

A

Before first meal, maintain body in vertical position for 30 min after use

43
Q

Drug interactions with Bisphosphonates (alendronic and zolendronic acid)

A

NSAIDS exacerbates GIT irritation, antacids interfere with absorption

44
Q

What should be controlled during Bisphosphonates therapy

A

Calcium and vit D level

45
Q

RANKL inhibitors Denosumab intake

A

S/c 1*6 months

46
Q

Denosumab action

A

Prevent interactions of RANKL and RANK and suppress osteoclast formation (Anti resorptive effect)

47
Q

Denosumab has high affinity and specificity for

48
Q

Denosumab works similar to

49
Q

Use of Denosumab

A

Osteoporosis in postmenopause and andropause,bone tumor metastasis (oncogenic hypercalcaemia), secondary osteoporosis

50
Q

SE of Denosumab

A

Hypocalcemia

51
Q

Teriparatide (PTH analogue) action

A

Osteoanabolic agents, steady state PTH affects osteoclast and cause intensive bone resorption
Low dose PTH activate osteoblast and stimulate bone formation

52
Q

Use of Teriparatide

A

Severe form of osteoporosis (in post menopause and andropause), Secondary osteoporosis (glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis)

53
Q

Contraindication of Teriparatide

A

Hypercalcaemia

54
Q

Ergocalciferol ( vitD2) is supplied by

A

Plant based diet

55
Q

Body’s main source of vit D

A

Cholecalciferol (vit D3)

56
Q

Vit D3 is formed by

A

Influence of UVB radiation from skin 7-dehydrocholesterol

57
Q

Vit D2 and D3 are metabosed in liver to

A

25-hydroxyvitamin D3( celcidiol)

58
Q

Celcidiol is metabolised to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 in

59
Q

Which reaction is imp for formation of vit D

A

Hydroxylation

60
Q

PTH acts on which enzyme in kidney to form calcitriol

A

1alpha hydroxylase

61
Q

Active precursor of vit D

A

Ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol

62
Q

Most biologically active form of vit D

A

Calcitriol

63
Q

Calcitriol is

A

Non selective intracellular vit D receptor agonist

64
Q

Calcitriol action

A

Regulate bone mineralization, osteoclast differentiation, reduce PTH synthesis,regulate calcium and phosphate homeostasis

65
Q

VDRs(calcitriol) found in

A

Nuclei of almost all organs

66
Q

Calcitriol has genomic effect on gene transcription as it works similar to

A

Steroid hormones like corticosteroids,sex hormones stc

67
Q

Use of calcitriol

A

Prevention of rickets, osteoporosis,renal osteodystrophy, hypocalcemia

68
Q

SE of calcitriol

A

Hypercalcaemia (headache, nausea, vomiting), calcification of organs

69
Q

Synthetic tropically applied calcitriol derivative

A

Calcipotriol

70
Q

Calcipotriol action

A

Modulate gene responsible for T lymphocytes differentiation and proliferation, induce keratinocyte differentiation and inhibit their proliferation

71
Q

Use of calcipotriol

A

Psoriasis treatment (chronic autoimmune disease

72
Q

VDR

A

Vit D receptor

73
Q

RXR

A

Retinoid receptor complex

74
Q

Vit D action on innate immune cells(macrophages, Dendritic cells)

A

Regulate innate immune cells maturation and production of cytokines

75
Q

Vit D action on T cells

A

Decrease Th 1&17 cell dev, increase Treg/Th2 generation

76
Q

Vit D action on B cell

A

Decrease IgG and IgM and plasma cells

77
Q

Vit D also modulate

A

Angiogenesis and hair cycling

78
Q

PTH and Teriparatide target organs

A

Kidney and bones

79
Q

Vit D main targets

A

GIT, Kidney,Bones, Parathyroid bodies

80
Q

PTH and Teriparatide action on kidney and bones

A

Increase calcium reabsorption and decrease phosphate reabsorption,increase 1 alpha hydroxylase activity, regulate osteoclast differentiation and function,if PTH has 24 HR duration -osteoclast activity predominates and PTH 3-5 h-osteoblast activity predominates

81
Q

Vit D actions

A

Increase calcium and phosphate absorption and reabsorption in GIT and kidney, Regulate osteoclast differentiation and function in bones, decrease PTH synthesis and increase calcium sensitive receptor (CSR) expression

82
Q

Cinacalcet action

A

Allosteric modulator of CSR for parathyroid cells, increase sensitivity of CSR to extracellular calcium, decrease PTH secretion -an antiparathyroid agent, anti secretory action - decrease plasma calcium levels

83
Q

Use of cinacalcet

A

Primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism

84
Q

Primary and secondary osteoporosis can be treated by

A

Bisphosphonates (alendronic and zolendronic acid),RANKL inhibitors (Denosumab),PTH analogue (Teriparatide)

85
Q

Hypocalcemia is caused by

A

Cinacalcet, Denosumab and zolendronic acid

86
Q

Thyroid hormone has cardiac

A

Inotropic and chronotropic effect

Thyroid Gland And Bone Metabolism (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions