Bone marrow failure Flashcards
What are the causes of neutrophilia?
Bacterial infection Inflammation/necrosis (e.g. MI, vasculitis) Malignant disease Drugs (corticosteroids) Myeloproliferative disease e.g. CML
What are the causes of neutrophil precursors in the blood?
Severe infections
Severe haemorrhage or haemolysis
Malignant disease
Massive tissue damage (e.g. Trauma, burns)
What causes leucoerythroblastic change?
Malignancy
Severe illness (trauma, septicaemia, massive haemolysis)
What causes isolated neutropenia?
Drugs (co-trimoxazole, carbimazole, anti-psychotics, cytotoxics)
Race (African, Middle-Eastern)
Congenital
Auto immune
Post-viral
Malaria
What causes eosinophilia (>0.5x10^9/l)?
Parasites Allergies Skin diseases Malignancy (Hodgkin lymphoma) Inflammatory disease (sarcoidosis, PAN) Hypereosinophilic syndrome Eosinophilic leukaemia.
What causes lymphoctosis (>4 x 10^9/l)
Acute infection (usually viral)
Chronic infection (e.g. TB, hepatitis)
CLL
Other leukaemias and lymphomas.
What causes pancytopenia with hypocellular BM?
Aplastic anaemia
Cytotoxic therapy
What causes pancytopenia with hypercellular BM?
Secondary cancers
Haematological malignancies
Myelodysplasia
Causes of aplastic anaemia?
Congenital: Fanconi’s anaemia
Acquired:
Idiopathic (autoimmune)
Radiation (RT, accidental)
Drugs (predictable/idiosyncratic)
Chemicals (benzene)
Viruses (hepatitis)
How do we treat severe aplastic anaemia?
Bone marrow transplantation
Anti- thymocyte globulin
Other immunosuppressants eg cyclosporine
What is pancytopenia?
A reduction in all the major blood cell lines
What causes pancytopenia by an increase in peripheral destruction of cells?
Hypersplenism
How do we manage patients with agranulocytosis?
G-CSF, barrier nursing, neutropenia regimen
