Bone Markings With Examples

Question 1

Projections for tendon and ligament attachment

Answer 1

These include Crest, Epicondyle, Line, Process, Ramus (plural:rami), Spine, Trochanter, Tubercle, Tuberosity

Question 2

Line

Answer 2

Low ridge (ex: anterior, posterior, and inferior gluteal lines which are on the lateral surface of the ilium (pelvis/so coxae) and are attachment sites for the gluteal muscles of the buttock)

Question 3

Foramen (plural: foramina)

Answer 3

Rounded passageway through a bone

(ex: foramen magnum which is posterior to where the spine connects to the head (spine hole)

Question 4

Condyle

Answer 4

Large, smooth, rounded articulating oval structure

(ex: occipital condyle- they line the foramen magnum (spine hole). Articulates with first cervical vertebra)

Question 5

Facet

Answer 5

Small, flat, shallow, articulating surface

(ex: superior articular facet on thoracic vertebra)

Question 6

Trochlea

Answer 6

Smooth, grooved, pulley-like articular process

(ex: bottom of the humerus that articulates with the trochlea notch of the ulna)

Question 7

Articulating surfaces

Answer 7

2 bones meet at a joint. These include Condyle, Facet, Head, and Trochlea

Question 8

Depressions

Answer 8

These include Alveolus (plural: alveoli), Fossa (plural: fossae), Sulcus

Question 9

Alveolus (plural: alveoli)

Answer 9

Deep pit or socket in the maxillae or mandible

(ex: alveolar process which houses the teeth)

Question 10

Crest

Answer 10

Narrow, prominent, ridgelike projection

(ex: Iliac crest which is the superior most ridge of the ilium. Palpate the posterosuperior edges of your hip; the ridge of bone you feel on each side)

Question 11

Ramus (plural: rami)

Answer 11

Angular extension of a bone relative to the rest of the structure

(ex: vertical portion of mandible or the ischiopubic ramus of the pelvis which the rounded right and left bottom bones of the pelvis)

Question 12

Trochanter

Answer 12

Massive, rough projection found only on the femur

(ex: greater trochanter (bigger projection at the top of the femur) and lesser trochanter (little projection on the inside of femur towards the top))

Question 13

Openings and Spaces

Answer 13

These include Canal, Fissure, Foramen (plural: foramina), Meatus, and Sinus

Question 14

Canal

Answer 14

Passageway through a bone

(ex: optic canal which is the tiny hole in upper eye)

Question 15

Head

Answer 15

Prominent, rounded epiphysis

(ex: rounded end at the top of femur or humerus)

Question 16

Fossa (plural: fossae)

Answer 16

Flattened or shallow depression

(ex: Mandibular fossa which articulates with mandible)

Question 17

Sulcus

Answer 17

Narrow groove

(ex: Intertubercular sulcus which is between the two tubercles. It is a deep depression that contains the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle)

Question 18

Epicondyle

Answer 18

Projection adjacent to a condyle

(ex: medial and lateral epicondyle which are on the sides of the knee and are superior to each medial and lateral condyle)

Question 19

Process

Answer 19

Any marked bony prominence

(ex: Zygomatic process of temporal bone and temporal process of zygomatic bone)

Question 20

Spine

Answer 20

Pointed, slender process

(ex: anterior superior iliac spine or posterior superior iliac spine which is where the iliac crest arises between)

Question 21

Tubercle

Answer 21

Small, round projection

(ex: greater tubercle on the humerus which is positioned lateral to the head of the humerus)

Question 22

Tuberosity

Answer 22

Large, rough projection

(ex: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus which a roughened bump on the shaft of the humerus)

Question 23

Fissure

Answer 23

Narrow, slit like opening through a bone

(ex: superior orbital fissure which is the tear drop hole next to optic canal)

Question 24

Meatus

Answer 24

Passageway through a bone

(ex: external acoustic Meatus which is the ear canal area)

Question 25

Sinus

Answer 25

Cavity or hollow space in a bone

(ex: sphenoid sinus)