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Diagnostic Methods > Bone Imaging Part 2 > Flashcards

Bone Imaging Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the joints gets most of the impact during injury

A

The subchondral surface

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2
Q

A disease that affects a joint and usually the bones on either side of the joints

A

Arthritis

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3
Q

_________ is almost always accompanied by joint space narrowing

A

Arthritis

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4
Q

What are the 3 main categories of arthritis

A

Hypertrophic
Erosive
Infectious

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5
Q

What category of arthritis is characterized by bone formation either by subchondral sclerosis or the production of osteophytes?

A

Hypertrophic arthritis

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6
Q

What are types of hypertrophic arthritis

A

Osteoarthritis, erosive arthritis, Charcot arthropathy, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease

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7
Q

What is the most common form of hypertrophic arthritis

A

Primary osteoarthritis

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8
Q

Osteoarthritis results from _______ _________ of articular cartilage

A

Intrinsic degeneration

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9
Q

What causes osteoarthritis and what body parts does this usually involve?

A

Caused by wear and tear
Involves the hips, knees and hands

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10
Q

Marginal osteophyte formation, subchondral sclerosis, subchondral cysts

A

Radiologic findings of primary OA

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11
Q

Secondary arthritis occurs because of _________, most commonly __________

A

Underlying, predisposing condition
Trauma

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12
Q

What separates primary from secondary OA?

A

Secondary occurs at atypical age, it has an atypical appearance (like unilateral), and it appears in an unusual location

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13
Q

___________ is characterized by more severe inflammation and evidence of _________ changes

A

Erosive OA
Erosive

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14
Q

Erosive OA occurs most often in what population

A

Post menopausal females

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15
Q

Erosive OA most often occurs at the _______________, ________________, and ________________

A

Proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, 1st carpal-metacarpal, and the interphalangeal joint of the thumb

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16
Q

Bony ankylosis may occur with __________ OA

A

Erosive

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17
Q

Marked inflammation and erosions of the affected joints, centrally located erosions, and gull-wing deformities are findings consistent with _________

A

Erosive OA

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18
Q

What is ankylosis

A

Abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint due to fusion of the bones

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19
Q

___________ develops from a disturbance in sensation that leads to multiple micro fractures

A

Charcot arthropathy

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20
Q

Autonomic imbalance that leads to hyperemia, bone resorption, and fragmentation of bone. Soft tissue swelling is prominent.

A

Charcot arthropaty

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21
Q

What is the most common cause of Charcot arthropathy?

A

Diabetes

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22
Q

most ___________ is found in the lower extremities, especially feet and ankles

A

charcot arthropathy

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23
Q

What are the causes of Charcot arthropathy in the shoulders, hips, and ankles

A

shoulder- spinal tumor, syphilis
hips- tertiary syphilis, diabetes
ankles/feet- diabetes, syphilis

24
Q

Extensive subchondral sclerosis, fragmentation of the bone surrounding the joint, fragments may be resorbed, and no longer visible, eventual destruction of the joint, shares findings with osteomyelitis. Both produce bone destruction and periosteal reaction.

A

radiographic hallmarks of Charcot arthropathy

25
Q

how do you differentiate between osteomyelitis and Charcot arthropathy on imaging?

A

radioactive indium tagged white blood cell bone scan

26
Q

with what disease is rocker bottom deformity commonly seen

A

Charcot arthropathy

27
Q

results from the deposition if calcium phyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in and around joints

A

calcium phyrophosphate deposition disease

28
Q

where does CPDD mostly occur?

A

hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage; especially in the fibrocartilage of the wrist and menisci

29
Q

what disease used to be known as pseudogout?

A

CPDD

30
Q

how does CPDD differ from primary OA?

A

occurs in joints not often affected by OA
chondrocalcinosis is present
subchondral cysts are larger and more numerous
hook shaped bony outgrowths along the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal heads

31
Q

uric acid crystals are characteristic of _______ while calcium pyrophosphate crystals are seen in _______

A

gout
pseudogout

32
Q

what are rat bite erosions/ the martel sign

A

punched out erosions with sclerotic and overhanging margins

33
Q

All erosive arthitis are associated with some degree of _________ and _____________

A

inflammation and synovial proliferation

34
Q

what is pannus formation

A

abnormal layer of fibrovascular tissue or granulation tissue

35
Q

what kind of arthritis produces lytic lesions in or near the joint

A

erosive arthritis

36
Q

erosive arthritis is found especially where?

A

small joints of the hands and feet

37
Q

___________ acts like a mass of growing synovial tissue which leads to marginal erosions

A

pannus

38
Q

what are the causes of erosive arthritis

A

RA, gout, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, sarcoid, hemophilia

39
Q

is RA more common in males or females?

A

females

40
Q

RA frequently involves the ___________ joints of the hands and wrists

A

proximal

41
Q

T or F: RA is usually bilateral and symmetrical

A

true

42
Q

what is the study of choice for RA

A

conventional radiographs

43
Q

what are the early radiographic changes of RA

A

soft tissue swelling and osteoporosis

44
Q

what joints in the hand does RA usually effect?

A

the erosions tend to involve the proximal joints
carpal-metacarpal
metacarpal-phalangeal
proximal interphalangeal joints

45
Q

what are late findings of RA

A

ulnar deviation of the fingers at the MCP joints
subluxation of the MCP joints
ligamentous laxity leading to deformities of the fingers
swan neck and boutonniere deformities

46
Q

how does RA typically affect the wrist?

A

erosions of the carpals, ulnar styloid and narrowing of the radiocarpal joint

47
Q

what else can RA cause?

A

narrowing, sclerosis, and eventual fusion of the facet joints in the cervical spine

48
Q

with a ____________ deformity, the PIP is flexed and the DIP is extended

A

boutonniere

49
Q

with a ___________ deformity, the DIP is flexed and the PIP is extended

A

swan neck

50
Q

what is most commonly affected by gout? why?

A

1st MTP
gravity takes the crystals to the most distal joint

51
Q

what is rat bite joint associated with?

A

gout

52
Q

gout has a __________ development and is usually a _________ diagnosis

A

chronic
clinical

53
Q

what disease is diet related in 12% of cases, associated with sugar sweetened beverages, alcohol consumption and high purines?

A

gout

54
Q

what health related issues are seen in 75% of cases of gout

A

abdominal obesity
hypertension
insulin resistance
abnormal lipid levels

55
Q

sharply marginated, juxtaartixular erosion that tends to have a sclerotic border, joint space narrowing (late), tophi, olecranon butsitis

A

radiographic findings of gout

Diagnostic Methods (5 decks)

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