Bone Fracture And Healing Flashcards
Name 2 types types of bone disorders and explain them (1)
Disorders of development - agenesis - osteogenesis imperfecta - spina bifida - achondroplasia Disorders of remodelling - age - hormone levels - calcium and phosphate levels - mechanical stress
Name the other 2 types of bone disorders and explain them (2)
Endocrine disorders - gigantism - acromegaly - pituitary dwarfism - hyper/hypoparathyroidism - postmenopaupausal osteoporosis Nutritional problems - rickets (vitamin D) - osteomalacia - scurvy (vitamin C)
What disorders are linked to ageing
Osteopenia
Osteoporosis
What changes occur in bone mass due to ageing
After mid 30s ur bone slowly goes. Women lose bone mass faster than men after menopause.
Bones can weaken early in life without a healthy diet and the right kinds of physical activity
What are the different type of bone fractures
Transverse Linear Oblique non displaced Oblique displaced Spiral Green stick Comminuted
What are the 4 types of healing of fractures
Hematoma formation
Fibrocartilaginous callus formation
Bony callus formation
Bone remodelling
Explain the process of the formation of haematoma
Clot produced in 6-8 hrs, bone cells die
Inflammation brings in phagocytic cells
New capillaries grow into damaged area
Explain the process for the Fibrocartilaginous callus formation
Fibroblasts invade the pro callus & lay down collagen
Chondroclasts produce fibrocartilage
Explain the process for formation of bony callus
Osteoblasts secrete spongy bone that joins the broken ends of bone
Lasts 3-4 months
Explain the process of bone remodelling
Compact bone replaces the spongy in the bony callus
Surface is remodelled back to normal shape
Sometimes a palpable lump remains
What factors affect the rate of healing
What type of fracture it is What the site of is Vascular supply Age of patient Movement at the fracture Separation of bone ends Infection Bone pathology
What are the clinical features of a fracture
Pain and tenderness Swelling and bruising Deformity & angulation Impaired function Shock test X ray - AP & Lateral
What treatments can you do for the fractures
Closed = simple fractures with minimum soft tissue damage
- sling, cast, splint (immobilisation)
- once consolidation achieved (rehabilitation)
Open = simple fracture which needs higher level of mobilisation near the joint
- open reduction internal fixation (immobilisation)
- may comment Immediately (rehabilitation)
Open = open/compound fractures including tissue damage and at risk of infection
- open reduction external fixation (immobilisation)
-may commence immediately (rehabilitation)
What complications could occur with fractures
Tendon injury Osteoarthritis Growth impairment Avascular necrosis Fat embolus Blood vessel, nerve or visceral damage
