Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Multi Systems > Bone Diseases > Flashcards

Bone Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Osteoporosis

A

A metabolic bone disease that presents with DEC bone mass (density) & microarchitectural deterioration (quality)

F>M
Typically post-menopause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

OP: Classification

Types

A
  1. Primary Osteoporosis
    Type 1: Postmenopausal (typically women 50-70 yo)
    Type 2: Senile (men & women > 70 yo) - more associated with older age
  2. Secondary Osteoporosis
    - May be due to another primary condition or from treatment of another condition (corticosteriods - prolonged)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

OP: Risk Factors: Non-Mod & Mod

A

Non-Mod
- Age
- Gender (F>M)
- Race (whites and asian decent)
- Menopause
- Family history
- Small skeletal frame
- Amenorrhea (depending on cause) - absence of menstraution (++ periods)
Non-mod = hormonal disorder that cannot be cured

Mod:
- Sedentary lifestyle (inadequate loading the bone) - Wolf’s Law
- Diet (deficient in calcium & Vit D)
- Smoking
- Caffeine (slightly INC Ca loss in urine)
- Alcohol abuse
- Amenorrhea
Mod = poor nutrition, anorexia, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diagnosis (WHO Criteria)

A

Dx by measuring bone mineral density (BMD) using dual energy e-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) & is expressed in T-scores

Dexa T-score: Compares bone density of the patient with tht of normative data of an average adult of the same sex

T-score refers to how many standard deviations above or below the average for young adults (of the same sex) an individal’s BMD is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T-Score Classifications

A

> -1 = Normal
-1 to -2.5 = Osteopenia
< -2.5 = Osteoporosis
<-2.5 & history of at least one osteoporotic fracture = Severe Osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Impact of Osteoporosis

(5)

A
  1. Fractures
    46% - vertebral (anterior wedge # & can be as simple as flexing the spine), 16% hip (fall - # first or fall?), 16% radial (Smith or Colles - FOOSH), & 22% others
  2. Compression #
    DEC in height
  3. Postural Changes
    INC kyphosis - as a result of anterior wedge #
    Dowagers Hump - an excessive curvature of the spine
  4. Back pain
  5. DEC mobility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Osteomalacia

Defintion & Cause

A

A metabolic bone disease which results in softening of bones d/t decalcification of bones

May be d/t inadequate intestinal absorption of calcium, INC renal excretion of phosphorus (mineral that combines with Ca to help harden bones) OR Vit D deficiency (helps absorb Ca)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Osteomalacia: S/S

(7)

A
  1. Pain
  2. Aching
  3. Fatigue - b/c it is metabolic
  4. Weight loss
  5. Weakness
  6. Possible deformities
    INC thoracic kyphosis
    Bowing of L/E
  7. High risk for fractures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Osteomalacia: Interventions

(3)

A
  1. Pharmacological &/or nutritional interventions to address underlying etiology (MAIN INTERVENTION)
  2. Strength Training
  3. Bone Protection Strategies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Paget’s Disease
(Osteitis Deformans)

Definition & Epidem

A

A metabolic bone disease involving abnormal osteoclast & osteoblast activity followed by disorganized remodeling (cause it to not be as strong)

  • Leads to enlarged & misshapen bones
  • Bones appear large, but lack structural integrity & strength
    ** If a bone is curved - structural integrity is NOT as strong as a straight bone

M>F
Typically age > 40 yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Paget’s Disease (Osteitis Deformans): Characteristics

(4)

A
  1. Pain
  2. Misshapen bones
  3. Fractures
  4. Arthritis

More severe S/S: headache, vertigo, hearing loss, fatigue, & INC CO leading to heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Paget’s Disease (Osteitis Deformans): Intervention

(3)

A
  1. Pharmacological interventions for pain control & limiting osteoclast activity (not in scope)
  2. Postural Re-education
  3. Exercise Therapy
    Strengthening - AVOID high- impact& aggressive forward bending or twisting
    Swimming is one of the best exercises for this pop.
    Stretching
    Aerobic exercise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Osteomyelitis

Definition & Cause

A

Inflammation within bone caused by an infection

  • May be infected through the blood stream, open fracture, or surgery
    Cut - INC risk in pop w/ immunosuppresion - are immunocompromised
  • Most causes due to bacterial infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Osteomyelitis: S/S

(6)

A
  1. Fever
  2. Tenderness in area of infection
  3. Redness in area of infection
  4. Warmth in area of infection
  5. Swelling in area of infection = INC pressure in area = DEC ROM
  6. Loss of ROM in affected joints
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Osteomyelitis: Interventions

(3)

A
  1. Antibiotics - first through IV -> pills
  2. Surgery - severe or chronic - may need to do an amputation of that bone
  3. ROM - at a tolerable range
    Prevent stiffening in other areas (adjacent)
    ** Most important PT intervention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Brittle Bone Disease)

Definition & Epidem

A

A genetic bone disorder characterized by fragile bones
- Confirmed by genetic testing - congenital disease

Affects Type I Collagen (low collagen production & abnormal collagen produced)
- Not enough collagen & what is produced is abnormal

Type I - creates bones, skin, organs & Type II - creates cartilage

17
Q

OI: Characteristics

(10)

A
  1. Frequent # (frequency DEC after puberty)
    From little to no trauma - can be as simple as lifting the leg during diaper change
  2. Bone deformity & bone pain
  3. Low bone density - may also be a result of deconditioning
  4. Short stature (DEC bone growth length)
  5. Scoliosis
  6. Ligament laxity
  7. Muscle weakness
  8. Fatigue
  9. Cardiac & respiratory issues - may be related to chest wall deformities
  10. Dental, vvision, and hearing problems

** Presentation can vary a lot depending on disease severity
Very severe cases will often lead to death - most will die in infancy (< 1 yo)

18
Q

Precautions when treating people w/ OI

(3) + 5

A
  1. Never pull or push on limb, or bend it into an awkward position
  2. When # is suspected, minimize handling of the affected limb
  3. Handle babies with extra care
    - Lift babies with OI by placing one hand under the buttocks & legs, and the other hand under the shoulder, neck, and head
    - Do not lift from under the arm pits
    - Do not lift by ankles to change a diaper, slide hand under the buttocks instead
    - Encourage babies to explore independent movement (do not need ot be kept on soft surface)
    - Support infants in a variety of positions (ie tummy time, side lying) to help develop mm.

** Problems with motor development (delay) d/t mm weakness
- not d/t neurological factor rather weakness is preventing them from developing typically

Multi Systems (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions