Bone cancer

Question 1

commonest benign bone tumour?

Answer 1

osteochondroma

Question 2

Osteochondroma

1) usually what age group
2) appearance?

Answer 2

1) males <20s

2) cartilage capped bony projection on the external surface of a bone

Question 3

bone tumour with ‘double bubble’ or ‘soap bubble’ appearance?

Answer 3

giant cell tumour

Question 4

benign ‘overgrowth’ of bone, most typically occurring on the skull

Answer 4

osteoma

Question 5

Osteoma is associated with what syndrome?

Answer 5

Gardner’s (variant of familial adenomatous polyposis, FAP)

Question 6

where on the bone does giant cell tumour most commonly occur?

Answer 6

epiphyses of long bones

Question 7

commonest primary malignant bone tumour?

Answer 7

osteosarcoma

Question 8

osteosarcoma mainly seen in which age group?

Answer 8

children and adolescents

mainly occur in metaphyseal region of long bones prior to epiphyseal closure

Question 9

x-ray findings in osteosarcoma?

Answer 9

Codman triangle (from periosteal elevation) and ‘sunburst’ pattern

Question 10

mutation of which gene significantly increases risk of osteosarcoma?

Answer 10

Rb gene

hence the association with retinoblastoma

Question 11

small round blue cell tumour seen mainly in children and adolescents

Answer 11

Ewing’s sarcoma

Ewan > blue balls

Question 12

Ewing’s sarcoma occurs most frequently in which regions?

Answer 12

pelvis and long bones

Question 13

T/F: Ewing’s sarcoma tends to cause severe pain

Answer 13

true

Question 14

X-ray findings in Ewing’s sarcoma?

Answer 14

‘Onion skin’ appearance

Question 15

genetic defect in Ewing’s sarcoma?

Answer 15

t(11; 22) translocation > EWA-FLI1 gene product

Question 16

malignant tumour of cartilage
most commonly affects the axial skeleton
more common in middle-age

Answer 16

chondrosarcoma

Question 17

Paget’s disease of the bone and radiotherapy are predisposing factors to which bone tumour?

Answer 17

osteosarcoma