Bone Biology

Question 0

Yellow marrow

Answer 0

Reserve of fat cells in the medullary cavity of tubular bone, surrounded by compact bone.

Question 1

Red marrow

Answer 1

Blood-forming, hemopoietic tissue that produces red and white blood cells and platelets.

Question 2

Epiphyses

Answer 2

Ends of long bone, developed from secondary ossification centers.

Question 3

Diaphysis

Answer 3

Developed from bone’s primary ossification center.

Question 4

Metaphyses

Answer 4

Expanded, flared ends of shafts.

Question 5

Periosteum

Answer 5

Thin, outer surface, bone covering tissue that nourishes bone. It coats all bone surfaces not covered by cartilage. (Osteogenic)

Question 6

Endosteum

Answer 6

An ill-defined and largely cellular membrane that lines the inner surface of bone. (Osteogenic)

Question 7

Osteogenic (tissue)

Answer 7

Contains bone-forming cells. More numerous and active during youth than adulthood and can deposit bone when the periosteum is traumatize.

Question 8

Collagen

Answer 8

Protein molecule that intertwines to form elastic fibers in bone and it makes up 90% of bone’s organic content.

Question 9

Hydroxyapatite

Answer 9

Stiffens collagen of mature bone.

Question 10

Immature/Coarsely Bundled Bone/Woven Bone

Answer 10

First bone that develops rapidly in prenatal life but is later replaced with mature bone during growth. It characterizes embryonic skeleton, sites of fracture repair, bone rumors, and has higher osteocytes than mature bone.

Question 11

Mature/Lamellar Bone Tissue

Answer 11

Makes compact and trabecular parts of bone. It has organized structure because of uniform addition of lamellae to bone surfaces during apposition all growth.

Question 12

Haversian Lamellae

Answer 12

“Trunk” with 4-8 concentric rings.

Question 13

Haversian System/Osteon

Answer 13

Each “trunk.” Basic structural unit of compact bone. 0.3mm in diameter and 3-5mm in length.

Question 14

Haversian Canal

Answer 14

Pass through core of osteons and they’re hallow canals where blood, lymph, and nerve fibers pass.

Question 15

Volkmann’s Canals

Answer 15

Link haversian canals thus creating a network that supplies blood and lymph to the cells of long bones.

Question 16

Lacunae

Answer 16

Small cavities containing osteocyte found in lamella.

Question 17

Osteoblasts

Answer 17

Bone-forming cells beneath periosteum, responsible for synthesizing and depositing bone material. They make lot of osteoid.

Question 18

Osteoid

Answer 18

Uncalcified organic matrix rich in collagen.

Question 19

Osteocytes

Answer 19

Living bone cell formed when osteoblasts are surrounded by bony matrix. They are located in lacunae and maintain bone tissue.

Question 20

Osteoclasts

Answer 20

Responsible for the removal of bone tissue.

Question 21

Compact/Cortical Bone

Answer 21

Solid, dense bone found in the walls of bone shafts and on the external bone surfaces.

Question 22

Subchondral Bone

Answer 22

Compact bone at joints covered by cartilage. It’s smoother and shinier but doesn’t have haversian systems.

Question 23

Cancellous/Trabecular/Spongy Bone

Answer 23

Spongy, porous, lightweight, honeycomb structure bone found under protuberances. It attaches to tendons in the vertebral bodies, in the end of long bones, in short bones and sandwiched within flat bones.