Bone basics

Question 1

What is bone?

Answer 1

Bone is classified as a calcified connective tissue, when fully developed, is the hardest tissue in the body

Question 2

What are the two types of bone tissue along with there alternative names?

Answer 2

Compact bone aka cortical: cort.i.cal

Cancellous bone aka trabecular: tra.bec.ular

Question 3

What is the hard outer layer of compact bone called?

Answer 3

The cortex

Question 4

What does the cortex provide?

Answer 4

Protection and support against movement

and weight bearing stresses

Question 5

Is compact bone solid?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

What passes through the canals of compact bone?

Answer 6

Blood and lymph vessels

Question 7

Why are canal systems aligned in the same direction as lines of stress?

Answer 7

To resist fractures

Question 8

What is the structure within cancellous bone and what is made there?

Answer 8

Within cancellous: can.cell.ous bone there is a spongy structure that contains red bone marrow, which is where blood cells are made

Question 9

Why are the canals in cancellous bone larger than in compact bone?

Answer 9

Larger series of canals than compact bone to provide red bone marrow with rich blood supply to produce red blood cells

Question 10

What are the five classification of bones?

Answer 10

1. Long
2. Short
3. Flat
4. Irregular
5. Sesamoid: ses.a.moid

Question 11

Give an example of a long bone?

Answer 11

Humerous

Question 12

Where are long bones mainly found?

Answer 12

Limbs

Question 13

What do long bones comprise of?

Answer 13

A shaft with two extremities

Question 14

What is the shaft of a long bone known as?

Answer 14

Diaphysis: di.aph.y.sis

Question 15

What are the extremities of the long bone known as?

Answer 15

Epiphyses: epiph.y.ses

Question 16

What is the growth plate Known as?

Answer 16

Epiphyseal cartlidge :epiph·y·se·al

Question 17

What is found in the central part of the long bone?

Answer 17

Fatty yellow bone marrow

Question 18

What is the central part of the long bone also known as?

Answer 18

Medullary canal :med·ul·lary

Question 19

What are long bones attached to?

Answer 19

Muscle

Question 20

Long bones being attached to muscle allows them to do what?

Answer 20

Pull and create movement acting like levers to provide locomotion for the body

Question 21

Give an example of a short bone?

Answer 21

Carpals (wrist) and tarsals (ankle)

Question 22

What are short bones designed mainly for?

Answer 22

Lightness and strength

Question 23

What is the main shape for short bone?

Answer 23

Cube-shaped

Question 24

How are short bones made up?

Answer 24

Mainly spongy (cancellous) with a thin outer layer of compact bone

Question 25

Give an example of a flat bone?

Answer 25

Skull or pelvis

Question 26

How are flat bones made up?

Answer 26

Spongy (cancellous) bone sandwiched between two layers of compact bone.

Question 27

What is flat bone main purpose?

Answer 27

Protection or large area for muscle to attachment

Question 28

Give an example of irregular bone

Answer 28

Vertibrae

Question 29

Irregular bones usually have what? and what is it for?

Answer 29

Bony projection and muscle attachment

Question 30

Give an example of sesamoid bone : ses·a·moid?

Answer 30

Patella

Question 31

Describe sesamoid bones?

Answer 31

Seed like bones, normally the size of a pea, developed within the tendon of a muscle

Question 32

What do sesamoid bones usually protect?

Answer 32

Tendons from excessive wear and tear

Question 33

What else can sesamoid bones do?

Answer 33

They can also change the directional pull of a tendon to increase the mechanical advantage of a joint in which the tendon crosses