Bone and Muscle Classification

Question 1

Divisions of the Skeleton

Answer 1

Axial, Appendicular, Visceral (Splanchnic)

Question 2

Axial Division

Answer 2

bones down the middle of skeleton

aka. skull, vertebrae, sternum ribs

Question 3

Appendicular Division

Answer 3

bones of limbs

aka. humerus, pelvis, scapula, femur

Question 4

Visceral (Splanchnic) Division

Answer 4

bones embedded in soft tissue

aka. Os penis, Os chordis, Os rostri

Question 5

Bone Classifications

Answer 5

Long, Short, Flat, Irregular, Sesamoid

Question 6

Long Bones

Answer 6

bones that are longer than they are wide

ex. femur, humerus

Question 7

Short Bones

Answer 7

cube shaped w/ no marrow cavity

ex. carpals, tarsals

Question 8

Flat Bones

Answer 8

two sheets of compact bone for protection

ex. scapula, pelvis, ribs, skull

Question 9

Irregular Bones

Answer 9

have characteristics of more than 1 shape

ex. vertebrae

Question 10

Sesamoid Bones

Answer 10

small bone attached/imbedded in tendons

ex. patella

Question 11

Articular Processes

Answer 11

Condyle, Head (Neck), Facet

Question 12

Condyle

Answer 12

knuckle like projection at distal end of long bones

ex. humerus, femur

Question 13

Head

Answer 13

rounded articular process at proximal end of a bone

ex. humerus, femur

Question 14

Neck

Answer 14

narrow region connecting head to shaft of a bone

Question 15

Facet

Answer 15

flat articular surface, mostly on short bones

ex. carpals, tarsals

Question 16

Trochanter

Answer 16

large blunt roughened process for muscle attachment

only on femur (greater and lesser trochanter)

Question 17

Tubercle

Answer 17

roughened process

only on humerus

Question 18

Tuberosity

Answer 18

small roughened process
Tibial Tuberosity-proximal end of Tibia
Ischiatic Tuberosity- on pelvis

Question 19

Spine

Answer 19

prominent dorsal ridge of bone

ex. scapula

Question 20

Crest

Answer 20

projecting structure or ridge on bone

ex. Iliac Crest

Question 21

Malleolus

Answer 21

rounded boney projections of tibia and fibula at distal end

Question 22

Foramen

Answer 22

hole in bone to allow passage of blood vessels and nerves

ex. pelvis, mandible

Question 23

Fossa

Answer 23

hollow or depressed area

ex. scapula

Question 24

Groove

Answer 24

long narrow furrow for tendons

Question 25

Origin

Answer 25

proximal muscle attachment site

Question 26

Insertion

Answer 26

distal muscle attachment site

Question 27

Flexion

Answer 27

decrease in angle between two bones at a joint

Question 28

Extension

Answer 28

increase in angle between two bones at a joint

Question 29

Abduction

Answer 29

movement away from the midline

Question 30

Adduction

Answer 30

movement toward the midline

Question 31

Tendon

Answer 31

connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

Question 32

Ligament

Answer 32

connective tissue that connects bone to bone