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Week 119 - Shoulder dislocation > Bone and cartilage biology > Flashcards

Bone and cartilage biology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of bone?

A

Cells

Extracellular matrix

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2
Q

What are the four types of bone cells?

A

Osteoprogenitor

Osteoblasts

Osteocytes

Osteoclasts

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3
Q

What are osteoprogenitor cells?

A

Precurssor cells that differentiate into osteoblasts

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4
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

Specialised fibroblasts that produce bone

Deposit osteoid

Control mineralisation

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5
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Differentiated osteoblasts encased in bone they produced

Cell bodies lie in lacunae

Cell processes project through canaliculi and communicate via gap junctions

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6
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

Develop from monocytes and have phagocytic mechanisms

Breakdown and reabsorb bone in remodelling

Large and multinucleated

Found only on bone surface - lie in howship’s lacunae

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7
Q

What makes up the extracellular matrix of bone?

A

Organic

  • collagen
  • proteoglycans
  • non-collagenous proteins

Inorganic
- calcium hydroxyappetite crystals

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8
Q

List four diseases that affect collagen of bone

A

Scurvy

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Chondrodysplasis

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9
Q

What is scurvy?

A

Collagen degradation as a result of vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) deficiency

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10
Q

What is the role of Vitamin C (Acsorbic acid)?

A

Makes hydroxylases

  • required to make hydroxylysine and hydroxyproline
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11
Q

Why are hydroxylysine and hydroxyproline important?

A

Stabilise triple helix and are needed to stop collagen degradation

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12
Q

Which tissues does Scurvy affect?

A

All tissues containing collagen

i.e. bones, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, skin

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13
Q

What is osteogenesis-imperfecta?

A

Mutation in gene coding for type I collagen

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14
Q

What is Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?

A

Mutation in gene coding for Type III collagen

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15
Q

What is chondrodysplasias?

A

Mutation in gene coding for Type II collagen

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16
Q

What is the function of non-collagenous proteins?

A

To control bone growth

17
Q

What is the function of Calcium hydroxyappetite crystals?

A

Give ‘hardness’ and mechanical strength

18
Q

What are the three stages of bone development?

A
  1. Osteoid
  2. Woven bone
  3. Lamellar bone
19
Q

What is osteoid?

A

Unmineralised bone composed only of organic compounds (collagen etc.) secreted by osteoblasts

20
Q

What is rickett’s / osteomalacia?

A

Dietery deficiency leading to defective mineralisation of bone => remains an osteoid

Rickett’s = osteomalacia in children

21
Q

What is woven bone?

A

Calcium hydroxyappetite crystal outside collagen fibres

Randomly organised collagen fibres -> look woven

Secreted by “osteoblasts in a hurry”

22
Q

What is lamellar bone?

A

Calcium hydroxyappetite crystals lie within collagen fibres which are arranged in lamellae

Lamellar bone is mechanically strong

23
Q

What are the components of cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes

ECM rich in proteoglycans

24
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage

Elastin cartilage

Fibrocartilage

25
Q

What type of cartilage makes up

  • articular cartilage
  • epiphyseal plates
  • costo-clavicular cartilage
A

Hyaline cartilage

26
Q

What are the properties of elastic cartilage?

A

Stiff yet elastic

Similar to hyaline but with more elastic fibres

27
Q

Which cartilage makes up the external ear and epiglottis?

A

Elastic cartilage

28
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A

Cartilage midway between the hyaline cartilage and the dense fibrous connective tissue (i.e. tendons, ligaments)

29
Q

Which structures are made of fibrocartilage?

A

Menisci

Intervertebral discs

Tendon/ligament attachment on bone

30
Q

What could be the consequence of having osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

Brittle bones

Death / still birth = weak blood vessels => haemorrhage

Week 119 - Shoulder dislocation (4 decks)

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