Bone and Cartilage Flashcards
What are the cells involved in cartilage production?
Chondroblasts
How does cartilage receive oxygen and nutrients?
Long range diffusion
What is the name of the compartments where chondrocytes are found?
Lacunae
What substances do chondroblasts produce?
Fibres and ground substance
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline, Elastic and Fibrocartilage
Where is hyaline cartilage located in the body (4 in total)
Articular surfaces of bone
Trachea and bronchus
Costal cartilages
Nasal cavity and nose
Where is elastic cartilage located in the body (2 in total)
Pinna of external ear
Epiglottis
Where is fibrocartilage located in the body (4 in total)
Tendon insertions
Pubic symphysis
Intervertebral discs
Articular menisci (knee joint)
What is the name of the CT capsule surrounding cartilage (absent in fibrocartilage)
Perichondrium - Dense regular connective tissue
What is the main function of hyaline cartilage?
Shock absorption
What are the main components of hyaline cartilage?
Collagen type II fibres embedded in a firm hydrated gel of proteoglycans and structural glycoproteins
What are the main fibrous components of elastic cartilage?
Collagen type II and elastic fibres
What is the structure of fibrocartilage?
Chondrocytes arranged in straight rows separated by collagen type I fibres
What is the main function of fibrocartilage?
Combines tensile strength with shock absorption: Resists compression
What are the main functions of bone (6 in total)
- Protects internal organs
- Stores and releases fat
- Produces blood cells
- Stores and releases nutrients
- Facilitates movement
- Supports body
What comprises the bone matrix?
- Collagen type I (95% of organic matrix)
2. Proteoglycan aggregates and specific glycoproteins (5% of organic matrix)
What form is calcium bound to the bone matrix?
Calcium phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite crystals
Involved in the mineralisation of bone
What are the three bone cells?
- Osteoblasts
- Osteocytes
- Osteoclasts