Bone Anatomy: Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
Total number of bones in the appendicular skeleton
126 bones
Total number of bones in the pectoral girdle and upper limb
64 bones [4 bones in the pectoral girdle, 60 bones in the upper limbs)
Total number of bones in the pelvic girdle and lower limbs
62 bones [2 bones in the pelvic girdle, 60 bones in the lower limbs]
Also known as the shoulde girdle, it consists of four bones
Pectoral girdle
Shoulder blade; flat, triangular bone with three large fossae
Scapula
Collarbone, articulates with the scapula at the acromion process
Clavicle
Consists of the bones of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand
Upper limbs
It is the region between the shoulder and the elbow; contains the humerus; lateral to the head are the two tubercles, a greater tubercle and a lesser tubercle
Arm
It has 2 bones; the ulna on the medial side of the forearm and the radius on the lateral side
Forearm
It is a relatively short region between the forearm and the hand; 8 carpal bones (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate)
Wrist
5 metacarpal bones are attached to the carpal bones; aligned with the five digits; the thumb and the fingers. Each finger consists of three small bones called phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal); the thumb has two phalanges
Hand
It is where the deltoid muscle attached
Deltoid tuberosity
It provides attachment sites for forearm muscles
Epicondyles
It is lateral to the thumb
Radius
Where the arm muscles (biceps brachii) attaches
Radial tuberosity
Medial to the little finger
Ulna
It forms most of the elbow joint, proximal end of ulna
Trochlear notch
It helps complete the grip of the ulna, distal end of the humerus
Coronoid process
Extension of the ulna, point of elbow
Olecranon process
Articulates with the bones of the wrist
Styloid process
The 8 carpal bones (lateral to medial)
So Long Top Part Here Comes The Thumb
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Hamate Capitate Trapezoid Trapezium
The 5 metacarpal bones
Metacarpal 1 - thumb Metacarpal 2 - index finger Metacarpal 3 - middle finger Metacarpal 4 - ring finger Metacarpal 5 - pinky finger
The 5 proximal phalanges
Proximal phalange 1 - thumb Proximal phalange 2 - index finger Proximal phalange 3 - middle finger Proximal phalange 4 - ring finger Proximal phalange 5 - pinky finger
The 5 distal phalanges
Distal phalange 1 - thumb Distal phalange 2 - index finger Distal phalange 3 - middle finger Distal phalange 4 - ring finger Distal phalange 5 - pinky finger
Four middle phalanges
Middle phalange 1 - index finger
Middle phalange 2 - middle finger
Middle phalange 3 - ring finger
Middle phalange 4 - pinky finger
Where the lower limbs attach to the body
Pelvic girdle & lower limb
Hip bones; join each other anteriorly and the sacrum posteriorly to form a ring of bone called the pelvic girdle
Coxal bones
Most superior of the coxal bones
Ilium
Inferior and posterior bone of the coxal bones; “sit down bone”
Ischium
Inferior and anterior bone of the coxal bones
Pubis
Region between the hip and the knee; contains the femur (single bone)
Thigh
It articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal bone
Head of the femur
It articulates with the tibia
Condyles
Points of ligament attachments
Epidondyles
Lateral to the head after the neck
Trochanters
Knee cap; enables the tendon to bend over the knee
Patella
Region between the knee and the ankle
Leg
Shinbone; larger; major weight-bearing bone of the leg; medial malleous
Tibia
Thin and sticklike that forms the lateral side of the leg; lateral malleolus
Fibula
Where the muscles of the anterior thigh attach
Tibia tuberosity
Consists of 7 tarsal bones
Ankle
Proximal row of bones in the ankle
Navicular
Tarsal - ankle bone
Calcaneus - heel bone
Distal row of bones in the ankle
Medial cuneiform
Intermediate cuneiform
Lateral cuneiform
Cuboid
They are arranged and numbered in a similar manner to the hand
has 3 primary arches
Metatarsal bones and phalanges
The 5 metatarsal bones
metacarpal 1 - thumb
The 5 proximal phalanges
Proximal phalange 1 - thumb
The 5 distal phalanges
Distal phalanges 1 - thumb
The 5 middle phalanges
Middle phalange 1 - thumb
