Bone Anatomy Flashcards
What is the bone made of?
Each bone is a complex living organ that is made up of many cells, protein fibers, and minerals.
Where are new blood cells produced?
New blood cells are produced by the red bone marrow inside of our bones.
How many bones make up the adult skeleton system?
206 individual bones
What are the two main bone divisions?
Bones are divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton
Where does the axial skeleton run?
The axial skeleton runs along the body’s midline axis and is made up of 80 bones
What makes up the axial region?
Skull Hyoid Auditory ossicles Ribs Sternum Vertebral column
What makes up the appendicular skeleton?
The appendicular skeleton is made up of 126 bones in the folowing regions:
Upper limbs
Lower limbs
Pelvic girdle
Pectoral (shoulder) girdle
What percent of the body mass does the skeleton account for?
The skeleton makes up about 30-40% of an adult’s body mass.
What is the bone made of?
Roughly half of the bone matrix’s mass is water, while the other half is collagen protein and solid crystals of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate.
Where are living bone cells found?
Living bone cells are found on the edges of bones and in small cavities inside of the bone matrix. These cells make up very little of the total bone mass
The living bone cells allow bones to
Grow and develop
Be repaired following an injury or daily wear
Be broken down to release their stored minerals
What are the 5 types of bones?
Long Short Flat Irregular Sesamoid
What are long bones?
Long bones are longer than they are wide and are the major bones of the limbs. Long bones grow more than the other classes of bone throughout childhood and so are responsible for the bulk of our height as adults. A hollow medullary cavity is found in the center of long bones and serves as a storage area for bone marrow. Examples of long bones include the femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, and phalanges.
What are short bones?
Short bones are about as long as they are wide and are often cubed or round in shape. The carpal bones of the wrist and the tarsal bones of the foot are examples of short bones.
What are flat bones?
Flat bones vary greatly in size and shape, but have the common feature of being very thin in one direction. Because they are thin, flat bones do not have a medullary cavity like the long bones. The frontal, parietal, and occipital bones of the cranium—along with the ribs and hip bones—are all examples of flat bones.