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Rob Block 4 > Bone Abnormalities > Flashcards

Bone Abnormalities Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between Woven and Lamella bone?

A

Woven - (weak) rapid osteoid production, collagen is haphazard
Lamella - (strong) parallel collagen in lamellae (sheets)

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2
Q

What are the main biochemical measurements for assessing bone (4)

A

Serum Calcium
Serum Phosphate
ALP
PTH

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3
Q

What is OI characterised by in terms of bone production?

A

Defective production of Type I collagen (genetic mutations)

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of OI?

A 
Brittle bones (frequent fractures)
Hearing loss (~50%)
Blue sclera
Teeth problems
Growth retardation
Child Abuse investigations
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5
Q

What is Paget’s Disease characterised by In terms of bone production?

A

Disorder of bone remodelling leading (eventually) to the formation of structurally abnormal bone

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of Paget’s Disease?

A 
(None)
Fractures
Bowing of limbs
Increased skull size
Arthritis
(Usually affects >40 years old)
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7
Q

What causes Paget’s?

A

Increased osteoclastic activity, causing a compensatory increase in osteoblast activity - bone replaced with woven bone

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8
Q

Where can be affected by Paget’s?

A

Localised: doesn’t often spread beyond original affected area (commonly femur, spine, skull, tibia)

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9
Q

What is the treatment for Paget’s?

A

Inhibit Osteoclasts using bisphosphonates

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10
Q

What are Rickets / Osteomalacia characterised by in terms of bone formation?

A

Inadequate mineralisation of bone

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11
Q

What is the difference between Rickets and Osteomalacia?

A

Rickets - affects children ; defective mineralisation at growth plate
Osteomalacia - affects everyone ; defective mineralisation of osteoid

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of Rickets / Osteomalacia?

A

Vitamin D deficiency, leading to low phosphate +/- calcium levels

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of Rickets / Osteomalacia?

A

Proximal muscle weakness
Bone pain
Fractures
(Rickets) - growth retardation and bony deformities of weight bearing limbs

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14
Q

What is Osteoporosis characterised by in terms of bone structure?

A

Low bone density and micro-architectural defects, leading to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture

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15
Q

What are the two important properties of bone?

A

Strength and Flexibility

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Rob Block 4 (5 decks)

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