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Bone Flashcards

2
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Generalized Increased Bone Density in Children

A

Dysplasias

  • Osteopetrosis
  • Pycnodysostosis
  • Craniotubular Dysplasias

Metaboilic

  • Renal osteodystrophy

Poisoning

  • Fluorosis
  • Hypervitaminosis D
  • Hypervitaminosis A

Idiopathic

  • Caffey’s Disease (infantile cortical hyperostosis)
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3
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Regional Osteopenia

A
  • Disuse
  • CRPS (Complex Regional Pain Syn.)
  • Transient Regional Osteoporosis of the hip
  • Regional Migratory Osteoporosis
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4
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Generalized Increased Bone Density in Adults

A

Myeloproliferative

  • Myelosclerosis

Metaboilic

  • Renal osteodystrophy

Poisoning

  • Fluorosis

Idiopathic

  • Paget’s

Neoplastic

  • Blastic Mets
  • Lymphoma
  • Mastocytosis

+ Childhood causes

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5
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Bilateral symmetric periostial reactions in children

A
  • Normal variant (infants)
  • Juvenile Idiopathic arthritis
  • Acute Leukemia
  • Rickets
  • Caffey’s Disease
  • Scurvy
  • Prostaglandin E1 Therapy
  • Congenital Syphilis
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6
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Pseudoarthrosis

A
  • Non-Union of a Fracture
  • Congenital (tibia)
  • Neurofibromatosis
  • Osteogenesis imperfecta
  • Cleidocranial dysplasia (femur)
  • Fibrous Dysplasia
  • Ankylosing Spondylitis
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7
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Erlenmeyer Flask Deformity

A

TOP DOG

  • Thalassemia
  • Osteopetrosis
  • Pyle’s disease (metaphyseal displasia)
  • Diaphyseal aclasis (HME)
  • Ollier’s Disease
  • Gaucher’s disease / Niemann-Pick disease
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8
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Erosion/Absence of the distal Clavicle

A
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Infection
  • Mets/Myeloma
  • Post-traumatic osteolysis
  • Cleidocranial dysplasia
  • Pyknodisostosis
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9
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Inferior Rib Notching

A

Arterial

  • Coarctation of the aorta (4-8)
  • Aortic thrombosis (lower)

Venous

  • Superior vena cava obstruction

Neurogenic

  • Neurofibromatosis (ribbon ribs)
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10
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Short Metacarpal or Metatarsal

A
  • Idiopathic
  • Post-traumatic
  • Post-infarction
  • Turner’s Syndrome
  • Pseudo and Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
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11
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Absent Thumb(s)

A
  • Fanconi anemia
  • Poland syndrome
  • Thalidomide
  • Trisomy 18
  • Other Dysplasias
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12
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Triphalangeal Thumb(s)

A
  • Fanconi anemia
  • Holt-Oram Syndrome
  • Blackfan-Diamond Syndrome
  • Poland syndrome
  • Trisomy 13 and 21
  • Thalidomide
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13
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Distal tuft resorption (Acro-osteolysis)

A
  • Scleroderma
  • Raynaud’s Disease
  • Psoriatic Arthropathy
  • Neuropathic
    • DM
    • Leprosy
    • Syringomyelia
  • Thermal Injury
  • Trauma
  • Hyperparathyroidism
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14
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Fluid-Fluid levels in Bone lesions on CT/MRI

A

Benign

  • ABC
  • Chondroblastoma
  • GCT
  • SBC
  • Fibrous Dysplasia

Malignant

  • Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma
  • Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
  • Synovial sarcoma
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15
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Erosion/Destruction/Absence of a Pedicle

A
  • Metastasis/Myeloma
  • Neurofibroma
  • Tuberculosis
  • Benign bone tumor (ABC, GCT)
  • Congenital absence
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16
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Solitary Dense Pedicle

A
  • Blastic Metastasis
  • Osteoid Osteoma
  • Osteoblastoma
  • Spondylolysis
  • Congenital absence of opposite side
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17
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Posterior Vertebral Body Scalloping

A

Spinal Canal Tumors

  • Ependymoma
  • Dermoid
  • Lipoma
  • Neurofibroma
  • Meningioma

Neurofibromatosis

Acromegaly

Achondroplasia

Communicating hydrocephalus

Syringomyelia

Congenital syndromes

  • Ehlers-Danlos
  • Marfans
  • Hurler’s
  • Morquio’s
18
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Anterior Vertebral Body Scalloping

A
  • Aortic aneurysm (Oppenheimer’s erosions)
  • Tuberculous Spondylitis
  • Lymphadenopathy (Lymphoma)
  • Down’s Syndrome
19
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Widened Interpedicular Distance

A
  • Myelomeningocele
  • Intraspinal mass
    • Ependymoma
    • Lipoma
    • Neurofibroma
  • Diastematomyelia
20
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Extradural Spinal Masses

A
  • Disc herniation
  • Scar tissue
  • Metastasis
  • Neurofibroma
  • Neuroblastoma / ganglioneuroma
  • Meningioma
  • Hematoma
  • Abscess
  • Arachnoid cyst
21
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Intradural Spinal Masses

A
  • Meningioma
  • Neurofibroma
  • Metastasis
  • Subdural epandymoma
22
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Intramedullary Spinal Masses

A
  • Ependymoma
  • Astrocytoma
  • Dermoid
  • Infarct
  • Hematoma
23
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Generalized Osteoporosis in Children

A
  • Rickets
  • Malnutrition
  • Intestinal malabsorption syndrome
  • Scurvy
  • Hypophosphatasia
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Juvenile Idiopathic Osteoporosis
  • Osteogenesis Imperfecta
24
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Atlanto-axial Subluxation

A
  • Trauma
    • Dens fx
    • Ruptured transverse Lig.
    • Rotary subluxlation
  • Inflammatory Arthritis
    • RA
    • Psoriatic
    • Juvenile Idiopathic
    • SLE
    • AS
  • Congenital
    • Down’s syndrome
    • Morquio’s
    • Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia
    • Os Odondoidium
  • Infection (Grisel’s syndrome)
25
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Intervertebral Disc Calcification

A
  • Degenerative
  • Alkaptonuria
  • CPPD
  • AS
  • Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
  • Hemochromatosis
  • DISH
  • Gout
  • Idiopathic
  • Post surgical fusion
26
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Premature Physeal Closure

A
  • Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
  • Infection
  • Hemophilia
  • Trauma
  • Infarcts/Sickle Cell
  • Radiation
  • Thermal Injury
  • HME/Ollier’s
27
Q

Please provide a differential diagnosis

Lucent Metaphyseal Bands

A
  • Rickets
  • Scurvy
  • Leukemia
  • Infection
  • Neuroblastoma (mets)
  • Growth Lines
  • Metaphyseal fx (abuse)
28
Q

Soft Tissue Calcifications

(non-periarticular)

A
  • Hypervitaminosis D
  • Milk-Alkali Syndrome
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Tumoral Calcinosis
  • Scleroderma/Dermatomyositis
  • Myositis ossificans
  • Infection (parasitic)
29
Q

Enlarged Nutrient Foramen

A

The Large Nutrient Gang

  • Thalassemia
  • Leprosy
  • Niemann-Picks disease
  • Gaucher’s disease

DDx (4 decks)

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