Bonds Flashcards
Describe co-ordinate bonding?
When one atom provides both electrons needed to form a covalent bond. A lone pair is donated by one atom to an atom with a vacant orbital
What is the template for the explanation of co-ordinate bonding?
Lone pair on _____ is donated to _____
What is the particle arrangement in
a) solid
b) liquid
c) gas
a) regular - highly ordered
b) less ordered (random)
c) no order
What is the movement like in a:
a) solid
b) liquid
c) gas
a) vibrates around a point
b) rapid movement
c) very rapid movement (demonstrates diffusion)
Define melting point
The point at which some bonds and attractive forces are broken
At the mpt the temp. change stops as the particles are absorbing the energy to reorganise the system
Define boiling point
The point at which all bonds or attractive forces are broken
- Describe the ionic bonding
- What kind of crystal does it form
- What is it’s conductivity like
- What are the mpt and bpt like?
- strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
- giant lattice
- conductive when molten/dissolved, as ions are free to move, but not when solid
- high due to strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
- Describe the metallic bonding
- What kind of crystal does it form
- What is it’s conductivity like
- What are the mpt and bpt like?
- positive metal ions attracted to a sea of delocalised electrons
- giant lattice
- conductive as electrons are free to move
- high due to strong attraction between positive ions and delocalised electrons
- Describe the simple covalent bonding
- What is it’s conductivity like
- What are the mpt and bpt like?
- strong covalent bonds between atoms, weak intermolecular forces
- no, there are no delocalised electrons
- low due to weak intermolecular forces
- Describe the bonding in diamond
- What kind of crystal does it form
- What is it’s conductivity like
- What are the mpt and bpt like?
- strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms
- macromolecular
- no, no delocalised electrons
- high due to strong covalent bonds between atoms which require lots of energy to be broken
- Describe the bonding in graphite
- What kind of crystal does it form
- What is it’s conductivity like
- What are the mpt and bpt like?
- macromolecular
- strong covalent bonds between C atoms and weak Van der Waal forces between layers. Free electrons can move between layers
- yes, delocalised electrons can move
- high as strong covalent bonds require lots of energy to break
- Describe the bonding in graphene
- What kind of crystal does it form
- What is it’s conductivity like
- What are the mpt and bpt like?
- strong covalent bonds between atoms and delocalised electrons across its surface
- yes, delocalised electrons can move
- high: strong covalent bonds require high energy to break
What is the bond angle and name of the shape made for a molecule with 2 bond pairs?
180
Linear
What is the bond angle and name of the shape made for a molecule with 3 bond pairs?
120
Trigonal Planar
What is the bond angle and name of the shape made for a molecule with 4 bond pairs?
109.5
Tetrahedral
What is the bond angle and name of the shape made for a molecule with 3 bond pairs and 1 lone pair?
107
Trigonal pyramid
What is the bond angle and name of the shape made for a molecule with 2 bond pairs and 2 lone pairs?
104.5
V-Shaped
What is the bond angle and name of the shape made for a molecule with 5 bond pairs?
120 & 90
Trigonal bipyramid
What is the bond angle and name of the shape made for a molecule with 6 bond pairs?
90
Octahedral
What is the bond angle and name of the shape made for a molecule with 4 bond pairs and 2 lone pairs?
90
Square planar
What is the bond angle and name of the shape made for a molecule with 3 bond pairs and one lone pair other than the trigonal planar?
T-Shape
90
What is the bond angle and name of the shape made for a molecule with 2 bond pairs & three lone pairs?
180
Linear
What is the bond angle and name of the shape made for a molecule with 5 bond pairs and 1 lone pair?
87.5
Distorted Octahedral
List the bond-bond repulsions from strongest to weakest
Lp-lp> bp-lp > bp-bp
What is the template for explaining bond angles?
- how many bond pairs and lone pairs
- bond angle
- how bonds repel (eg bond pairs repel equally so move as far apart as possible; lone pairs repel more than bond pairs so bond angle decreases by 2.5)
