bonds Flashcards
a column on the periodic table equals..?
the number of valence electrons of an element in that column/group (group 1 (1st column) = 1 valence electron)
define an ionic bond
a chemical bond between ions with OPPOSITE charges
in which type of bond are electrons “stolen” from 1 atom to another?
ionic bond
in which type of bond are electrons shared between atoms?
covalent bond
define a covalent bond
a chemical bond between atoms that MUTUAL SHARE electron pairs
(covalent bond) electrons are attracted to the LESS or MORE electronegative atom?
electrons are attracted to the MORE electroNEGATIVE atom
what is happening in a POLAR covalent bond?
one side of the bond has MORE CHARGE than the other side
what is the difference between COVALENT and POLAR covalent bonds?
covalent = equal electron sharing
polar covalent = unequal sharing
what bond typically forms between a NONmetal + a METAL?
ionic (stealing e-)
what bond typically forms between NONmetals?
covalent (sharing e-)
ionic bonds typically form between what type of elements?
nonmetal + metal
covalent bonds typically form between what type of elememts?
nonmetals
electronegativity measures…?
an atoms ability to ATTRACT shared e- to itself
an atom will attract shared electrons when its..?
MORE electronegative than another atom
high electronegativity = …?
high electron affinity
PARTIAL charges occur in what kind of bonds?
polar covalent
FULL FORMAL charges occur in what kind of bonds?
ionic (“stealing” e-)
what is VSEPR?
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
what are the 3 forces at play in BOND FORMATION?
- neg. charged electrons (REPULSION)
- pos. charged nuclei (REPULSION)
- neg. electrons + pos. nuclei (ATTRACTION)
as the H atoms get _____ __ each other, the systems energy ______.
as the H atoms get CLOSER TO each other, the systems energy LOWERS.
the systems MOST STABLE state is achieved at what energy level?
the LOWEST energy level
what 2 factors are determined by the systems MOST STABLE state?
- bond length
- bond strength
what determines the LENGTH + STRENGTH of bonds in a system?
the systems most stable state (at the lowest energy)
induction is the _______ of electrons towards the _____ ___________ atom.
induction is the WITHDRAWAL of electrons toward the MORE ELECTRONEG. atom.
