Bonding Theory Flashcards
Orbitals, Bohr Diagrams, and Lewis Structures
Electrons
Electrons exist in clouds around the nucleus of an atom. Electrons can have only certain amounts of energy and they are allowed to occupy specific energy levels.
Orbitals
Orbitals are a volume of space in which electrons of a certain energy are said to likely exists. They are a 3D volume of space.
Valence Orbitals
Space occupied by electrons in an atom’s highest energy level.
What is the maximum amount of electrons the first energy level can occupy?
2e-
How many electrons are allowed in the second energy level? And the third level?
8e-
8e-
In most cases, what maximum number of electrons exist in the outer energy level of atoms?
8 valence electrons
Where are valence electrons found?
Outer energy level of an atom
What do valence electrons determine for the element?
Its chemical properties, for example noble gases react different than alkali metals
What is the number of the period the same as?
The highest occupied energy level.
What electrons contribute to bonding?
Valence electrons
Atomic molar mass
Mass of one mole of the atom of the particular element. It is the average of all isotopes in the element.
Atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of a particular element.
How do atoms that do not have 8 valence electrons in their highest energy level become stable?
Through bonding; there can be the transfer of electrons between a mental and a non-mental (ionic bonds) or there be the sharing of electrons (covalent bonds)
What is an bonding electron?
A bonding electron is a single electron in the valence orbital that can share with another atom.
What is a lone pair?
A lone pair is 2 electrons that exist in the same orbital and have a repelling effect on the surrounding electrons in nearby orbitals.
