bonding - the nature of 3.1 ionic bonding + 3.2 covalent + 3.3 metallic bonding

Question 1

what are the 3 types of strong chemical bonds?

Answer 1

ionic
covalent
metallic

Question 2

ionic bonding occurs between what?

Answer 2

metals and non metals

Question 3

in ionic bonding, what are the ions attracted to each other by?

Answer 3

electrostatic forces

Question 4

ionic compounds exist in what structure

Answer 4

a lattice

Question 5

what are the properties of ionically bonded compounds?

Answer 5

solid at room temperature

giant structures and therefore high melting points - lots of energy required to break up strong electrostatic forces of attraction between ions

conducts electricity when molten or aqueous - ions are free to move and carry electrical charge

brittle and shatter easily

Question 6

whats a covalent bond and whats it between?

Answer 6

a covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons between a pair of non metal atoms

Question 7

what is co-ordinate bonding/dative covalent bonding?

Answer 7

when an atom provides both of the electrons in a covalent bond

Question 8

what happens in a co-ordinate bond/dative covalent bond?

Answer 8

• the atom that accepts the electron pair is an atom that does not have a full outer level of electrons - the atom is electron deficient
• the atom that is donating the electrons has a pair of electrons that is not being used in a bond, called a lone pair

Question 9

what is meant by metallic bonding?

Answer 9

the attraction in a lattice between the positive nuclei of the metal atoms and the negative delocalised outer electrons

Question 10

how many electrons are shared in a double covalent bond

Answer 10

four electrons

Question 11

describe and explain the properties of metals

Answer 11

good conductors of electricity and heat
-delocalised electrons can move throughout the structure and can carry electrical charge.

tend to be strong, depending on the charge on the ion and the size
-the greater the charge the greater the number of delocalised electrons and the stronger the electrostatic attraction between the positive ions and electrons
-the smaller the ion the closer the electrons are to positive nucleus so the stronger the bond

malleable and ductile
-layers of ions are able to slide over each other

high melting + boiling points
-because they have giant structures. there is a strong attraction between metal ions and sea of delocalised electrons - difficult to overcome