Bonding, structure, properties of matter L1 Flashcards
Ionic bonding
Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions that forms when a metal atom transfers electrons to a non-metal atom.
Covalent bonding
Covalent bonding is the sharing of electron pairs between non-metal atoms, resulting in a strong electrostatic attraction between the shared electrons and the positively charged nuclei of the atoms.
Metallic bonding
Metallic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged metal ions and a sea of delocalised electrons and the positive metal ions.
Examples of ionic bonding
Potassium oxide
Examples of covalent bonding
A diatomic atom is an example of covalent bonding, as there are 2 of those atoms bonded together to form the element.
However there are other examples like water, carbon dioxide, etc.
Examples of metallic bonding
ANY metal, because there’d never be a metal consisting of 1 atom; it’d always have many other metal atoms inside of it. Sodium, copper, iron, aluminium, etc.
How does an atom gain an electron to form an ion
By taking it from another atom which loses an electron
How does an atom lose an electron to form an ion
By giving it to another atom which gains an electron
What type of ions do metals tend to form
All metals lose electrons to form cations
What type of ions do non-metals tend to form
All non-metals (except hydrogen) gain electrons to form anions
What is an ionic bond
An ionic bond is the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
What are delocalised electrons
Electrons which have left their original atoms and are free to move around within the metal.
Describe the process between sodium and chlorine bonding together
Sodium loses an electron to form a positive charge. Chlorine gains an electron to form a negative charge by getting attracted to the sodium ion as they have different charges. This is known as electrostatic attraction
Sulfate formula
SO₄²-
Carbonate formula
CO₃²⁻
Nitrate formula
NO₃-
Hydroxide formula
OH¯
