Bonding, Structure, Properties And Energy Changes Flashcards
Change of State
Solid > Liquid > Gas
Gas > Liquid > Solid
Bond Making = Exothermic
Solid > Liquid > Gas
Bond Breaking = Endothermic
Hardness
Indicates strong metallic, covalent or ionic bond - much energy needed to overcome attraction.
Brittle
Indicates ionic bond (when like force causes like charged ions to line up, they repel)
Malleable, ductile
Indicates the non-directional attraction due to metallic bond.
Anion
An atom or group of atoms that has gained one or more electrons and therefore has a negative charge
Bond Angle
The angle formed by three adjacent atoms in a molecule
Cation
An atom or group of atoms that has lost one or more electrons and therefore has a positive charge
Conductivity
The ability of a substance to transmit electrical current or heat
Covalent Bond
A strong chemical bond formed when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms
Dipole
Positive and negative charges across a covalent bond or molecule caused by a difference in electronegativity between atoms.
Electron Repulsion
A repulsive force caused by the similar negative charge of two or more electrons
Electronegativity
The measure of an atom’s ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond
Electrostatic attraction
The attractive force that acts between particles with an opposite electrical charge
Endothermic Reaction
A chemical reaction that absorbs heat
Exothermic Reaction
A chemical reaction that releases heat
Insulator
A substance that does not allow electrical current to flow through it.
Ionic Bond
A chemical bond between positively charged cations and negatively charged anions
Ionic Lattice
A regular, ordered arrangement of ions in three dimensions
Lewis Diagram
A Lewis diagram shows the bonding between atoms in a molecule and any lone pairs of electrons that may exist around the atoms.
Lone Pair
A pair of valence electrons that are not involved in bonding
Melting Point
The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid state
Molecular Shape
The orientation in space of the Atom that comprise a molecule
Molecule
A group of atoms bonded together by covalent bonds forming a discrete particle
Octet
A shell of eight electrons surrounding an atom
Polar covalent bond
A bond formed by the uneven sharing of valence electrons between atoms
Polar Molecule
A molecule with positive and negative dipoles
Region of negative charge
A region of space around an atom occupied by electrons
Soluble
The property of a substance describing it’s ability to form solutions when mixed with a solvent
Thermochemical equation
A chemical equation showing a defined amount of energy being either absorbed or released
Valence Electrons
The outermost shell of electrons in an atom or ion
