Bonding, Structure, Properties And Energy Changes

Question 1

Change of State

Answer 1

Solid > Liquid > Gas

Question 2

Gas > Liquid > Solid

Answer 2

Bond Making = Exothermic

Question 3

Solid > Liquid > Gas

Answer 3

Bond Breaking = Endothermic

Question 4

Hardness

Answer 4

Indicates strong metallic, covalent or ionic bond - much energy needed to overcome attraction.

Question 5

Brittle

Answer 5

Indicates ionic bond (when like force causes like charged ions to line up, they repel)

Question 6

Malleable, ductile

Answer 6

Indicates the non-directional attraction due to metallic bond.

Question 7

Anion

Answer 7

An atom or group of atoms that has gained one or more electrons and therefore has a negative charge

Question 8

Bond Angle

Answer 8

The angle formed by three adjacent atoms in a molecule

Question 9

Cation

Answer 9

An atom or group of atoms that has lost one or more electrons and therefore has a positive charge

Question 10

Conductivity

Answer 10

The ability of a substance to transmit electrical current or heat

Question 11

Covalent Bond

Answer 11

A strong chemical bond formed when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms

Question 12

Dipole

Answer 12

Positive and negative charges across a covalent bond or molecule caused by a difference in electronegativity between atoms.

Question 13

Electron Repulsion

Answer 13

A repulsive force caused by the similar negative charge of two or more electrons

Question 14

Electronegativity

Answer 14

The measure of an atom’s ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond

Question 15

Electrostatic attraction

Answer 15

The attractive force that acts between particles with an opposite electrical charge

Question 16

Endothermic Reaction

Answer 16

A chemical reaction that absorbs heat

Question 17

Exothermic Reaction

Answer 17

A chemical reaction that releases heat

Question 18

Insulator

Answer 18

A substance that does not allow electrical current to flow through it.

Question 19

Ionic Bond

Answer 19

A chemical bond between positively charged cations and negatively charged anions

Question 20

Ionic Lattice

Answer 20

A regular, ordered arrangement of ions in three dimensions

Question 21

Lewis Diagram

Answer 21

A Lewis diagram shows the bonding between atoms in a molecule and any lone pairs of electrons that may exist around the atoms.

Question 22

Lone Pair

Answer 22

A pair of valence electrons that are not involved in bonding

Question 23

Melting Point

Answer 23

The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid state

Question 24

Molecular Shape

Answer 24

The orientation in space of the Atom that comprise a molecule

Question 25

Molecule

Answer 25

A group of atoms bonded together by covalent bonds forming a discrete particle

Question 26

Octet

Answer 26

A shell of eight electrons surrounding an atom

Question 27

Polar covalent bond

Answer 27

A bond formed by the uneven sharing of valence electrons between atoms

Question 28

Polar Molecule

Answer 28

A molecule with positive and negative dipoles

Question 29

Region of negative charge

Answer 29

A region of space around an atom occupied by electrons

Question 30

Soluble

Answer 30

The property of a substance describing it’s ability to form solutions when mixed with a solvent

Question 31

Thermochemical equation

Answer 31

A chemical equation showing a defined amount of energy being either absorbed or released

Question 32

Valence Electrons

Answer 32

The outermost shell of electrons in an atom or ion