Bonding Structure + Properties Flashcards
What are the components within an atomic structure?
Negative, positive and neutral neutrons, nucleus and shell.
What are the sub-atomic particles?
Protons, neutrons and electrons.
What is the relative charge of a proton?
+1
What is the relative charge of a neutron?
0
What is the relative charge of an electron?
-1
What is the relative mass of a proton?
1
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
1
What is the relative mass of an electron?
Very small
How do you work out how many neutrons are in an element?
mass number - atomic number
The number of electrons are equal to
The number of protons
Why is the charge on an atom overall neutral/no electrical charge?
Because the protons and electrons cancel each other out.
What do all acids release when dissolved in water?
H+ ions
What do all alkalis release when dissolved in water?
Hydroxide ions
How much do strong acids and alkalis dissociate?
Completely, all the particles split into their ions
How much do weak acids and alkalis dissociate?
Partially, they only release a few of their ions
How much particles do concentrated acids and alkalis have per unit volume?
Lots
How much particles do dilute acids and alkalis have per unit volume?
Fewer
What do both strength and concentration effect?
The pH of an acid or alkali
What are the components of a giant metallic lattice?
Free electrons from the outer shells of metal atoms and metal ions
What do metal atoms lose?
outer electrons
What do metal atoms become?
positive ions
What are free electrons also called?
delocalised electrons
What do delocalised electrons do?
They move around throughout the metallic structure freely
There is a strong force of attraction between what?
Positive ions and negative electrons
What is the strong force of attraction between positive ions and negative electrons called?
Electrostatic force of attraction
Where is the electrostatic force of attraction strong in?
metals
Name metallic properties
High melting and boiling points, solid at room temperature (except Hg), malleable, ductile, conduct electricity and heat, hard and strong, sonorous, lustrous and magnetic (Fe, Ni and Co only)
What are the 3 uses of metals?
Conducts electricity and heat, construction and medical care (braces etc)
What is an alloy?
A mixture of metals
Why is aluminium a good metal to use for drink cans?
It is non-toxic, light for transport, does not corrode which means it is long lasting and cheap.
Why is aluminium a good metal to use as a reflector in car headlights?
It is shiny, preventing road accidents
What do two atoms joint together make?
molecule
What are atoms labelled with?
dot/cross
What happens when atoms share pairs of electrons?
They form covalent bonds
Are covalent bonds weak or strong?
strong
What do non-metal atoms have to gain to form negative metal ions?
electrons
