Bonding, Structure and the Properties of Matter

Question 1

What happens in ionic bonding

Answer 1

• Happens between a metal and a non metal

- Metal loses electrons, non metal gains electrons

Question 2

Why does ionic bonding happen

Answer 2

It happens so both the metal and the non metal can get a full outer shell

Question 3

What are the properties of ionic bonding

Answer 3

Structure - Giant ionic lattice

• High boiling and melting point as a lot of energy is required to break the bonds between oppositely charged ions
• When melted or dissolved in water ionic compounds conduct electricity as the ions are free to move

Question 4

What happens in covalent bonding

Answer 4

Non metals share a pair of electrons

Question 5

What are the properties of covalent bonding

Answer 5

Structure - Giant covalent lattice

- High boiling and melting point as a lot of energy is required to break the strong covalent bonds

Question 6

What happens in metallic bonding

Answer 6

• The electrons in the outer shells of metal atoms are delocalised so are free to move
• The sharing of these delocalised electrons gives rise to strong metallic bonds

Question 7

What are the properties of metallic bonding

Answer 7

• Atoms can slide over each other, making metals malleable as they can be bent or shaped
• Good conductors of electricity as the delocalised electrons can carry electrical charge through the metal
• Good conductors of thermal energy because the energy is transferred by the delocalised electrons

Question 8

What are alloys

Answer 8

Alloys are two or more types of metals of different sizes

Question 9

What do alloys allow

Answer 9

The different sized atoms in the alloy make it stronger and harder as the atoms are not able to slide over each other easily

Question 10

What are the properties of diamond

Answer 10

• Each carbon atom is attached to 4 other carbon atoms
• High melting and boiling point as a lot of energy is required to break the bond
• Does not conduct electricity as the electrons are not able to move freely

Question 11

What are the properties of graphite

Answer 11

• Each carbon atom is attached to three other carbon atoms
• Structured in hexagonal rings and in layers
• Weak van der waat forces between layers which allow it to conduct electricity