Bonding, Structure and the Properties of Matter

Question 1

What ions do metal atoms become?

Answer 1

positive ions as they loose electrons

Question 2

What ions do non-metal atoms become?

Answer 2

negative ions as they gain electrons

Question 3

What does ionic bonding take place between?

Answer 3

ions with opposite charges

Question 4

What is the electron structure of ions formed by Groups 1,2,6 and 7 the same as?

Answer 4

the electron structure of the noble gases
(a full outer shell)
also known as a “stable electronic structure”

Question 5

What is the charge of ions formed in Group 1?

Answer 5

1+

Question 6

What is the charge of ions formed in Group 2?

Answer 6

2+

Question 7

What is the charge of ions formed in Group 6?

Answer 7

2-

Question 8

What is the charge of ions formed in Group 7?

Answer 8

1-

Question 9

What do metals and non-metals form when they react together to form compounds?

Answer 9

ionic bonds

Question 10

What holds ions together in ionic compounds?

Answer 10

electrostatic forces

Question 11

What does ionic bonding involve?

Answer 11

the transfer of electrons from the outer shell of a metal to the outer shell of a non-metal atom

Question 12

How can you represent ionic bonding?

Answer 12

dot and cross diagrams

Question 13

What are ionic compounds?

Answer 13

giant structures of ions, held together in a lattice by electrostatic forces known as ionic bonds

Question 14

How can ionic compounds be represented?

Answer 14

by models and diagrams
dot and cross diagrams
3D models
Ball and stick models

Question 15

What are the limitations of dot and cross diagrams when representing ionic compounds?

Answer 15

they are useful for showing how ionic compounds are formed, but they don’t show the structure of the compound, the relative sizes of the ions or how they’re arranged

Question 16

What are the limitations of 3D models when representing ionic compounds?

Answer 16

they showthe relative sizes of the ions, as well as the regular pattern in an ionic crystal but they only let you see the outer layer of the compound

Question 17

What are the limitations of ball and stick models when representing ionic compounds?

Answer 17

they show the regular pattern in an ionic lattice, how the ions are arranged and they suggest that the crystal extends beyond the diagram
they may show the relative sizes of the ion but they are not always drawn to scale
they suggest that there are gaps between ions but in reality there aren’t

Question 18

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 18

because of the strong electrostatic attraction between the ions as it takes large amounts of energy to overcome this attraction and break the many strong bonds

Question 19

Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water?

Answer 19

when they are solid they don’t conduct electricity as the ions are held in fixed positions
but when they are melted or dissolved the ions are free to move so can carry an electric charge

Question 20

What are the properties of ionic compounds?

Answer 20

high melting and boiling point
most dissolve easily in water
don’t conduct electricity when solid, but do when melted or dissolved

Question 21

What is the structure of sodium chloride?

Answer 21

they Na+ and Cl- ions are held together in a regular, cuboid-shaped lattice