Bonding, Structure and Properties of matter

Question 1

what is an ion and how is it formed?

Answer 1

• it is a charged particle

- it is formed when an atom looses or gain electrons

Question 2

what ions do metals form and non-metals?

Answer 2

METALS: positive

NON-METALS: negative

Question 3

non-metal and metal form what type of bond?what type of force?

Answer 3

IONIC

- electrostatic

Question 4

non-metal + non-metal form what bond?

Answer 4

COVALENT

• • share electrons
    eg. hydrogen (h2) oxygen (o2) chlorine (cl2)

Question 5

what forms a simple molecular structure ?

Answer 5

a substance containing covalent bonds

Question 6

what force is in a simple molecular structure?

Answer 6

intermolecular forces

they are quite feeble and are need to break in order to melt or boil (low mpt and bpt)

Question 7

what is a macromolecule?

Answer 7

giant covalent structure

Question 8

in a diamond how many covalent bonds does a carbon atom form?

Answer 8

FOUR

Question 9

in graphite how many covalent bonds does a carbon atom form?

Answer 9

THREE

Question 10

what are the properties of diamond?

Answer 10

• very hard
• strong covalent bonds so has a high melting and boiling point
• doesn’t conduct electricity as it has no free electrons or ions

Question 11

properties of graphite?

Answer 11

• sheets of carbon atoms arranged in hexagons
• NO covalent bonds between layers
• soft and slippery
• has delocalised electrons so conduct heat and electricity

Question 12

properties of graphene?

Answer 12

• it is a sheet of carbon atoms
• ONE ATOM THICK so it is two dimensional/light
• strong covalent bonds
• delocalised electrons so conducts heat and electricity

Question 13

what is an allotrope?

Answer 13

different structural forms of the SAME ELEMENTS

eg. diamond, graphite and graphene

Question 14

what is Fullerenes?

Answer 14

it is an allotrope of carbon shaped like a hollow ball
atoms arranged in hexagons, heptagons and pentagons
can trap other molecules in it
high surface area
makes lubricant

Question 15

what is nanotubes?

Answer 15

• tiny carbon cylinders made by fullerenes
• they don’t break when stretched
• can strengthen materials without adding too much weight

Question 16

what is involved in metallic bonding?

Answer 16

DELOCALISED ELECTRONS

ELECTROSTATIC ATTRACTION

Question 17

why are metals good conductors?

Answer 17

because the delocalised electrons carry electrical current and heat through the whole structure .

Question 18

what is an alloy?

Answer 18

a MIXTURE of TWO OR MORE metals

or a METAL and ANOTHER ELEMENT

Question 19

why is an alloy harder than pure metal?

Answer 19

because the mixture has different sized atoms which will distort layers making it difficult for them to slide over each other

Question 20

properties of solids:

Answer 20

• STRONG forces of attraction
• fixed position DON’T move
• particles VIBRATE about their position
• when heated : particles vibrate faster and expand slightly

Question 21

properties of liquids:

Answer 21

• WEAK forces of attraction
• free to move past each other but stick close together
• don’t keep a definite shape
• moving in random motions
• when heated: particles move faster and liquids expand

Question 22

properties of a gas:

Answer 22

• VERY WEAK forces of attraction
• free to move
• don’t keep a definite shape or volume
• move randomly
• when heated: particles move faster and they either expand or their pressure increases

Question 23

what are the uses for nanoparticles?

Answer 23

• help make new catalysts
• nonomedicine
• electric circuits
• deodorants
• wound dressing
• cosmetics

Question 24

negative aspects of nanoparticles ?

Answer 24

• the way they affect our body is not fully understood