Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter Flashcards
What are ions?
Ions are charged particles.
Which groups are the most reactive?
Group 1, 2, 6 and 7.
By what forces, are oppositely charged ions strongly attracted to one another?
By electrostatic forces
What are the properties of ionic compounds?
High melting and boiling points (strong bonds between ions require a lot of energy to break), don’t conduct electricity when in solid form (ions are held in place) but conduct electricity when molten as ions are free to move.
By what forces, are positively charged nuclei of bonded atoms attracted to the shared pair of electrons in covalent bonding?
By electrostatic forces.
What are the properties of simple molecular substances?
Atoms within molecules are held together by very strong covalent bonds. By contrast, the forces of attraction between these molecules are very weak so they have low melting and boiling points and don’t conduct electricity as they’re not charged.
What type of bonds are there in polymers?
Covalent bonds
What are polymers?
Long molecules that consist of long chains of repeating units.
Give three examples of giant covalent structures
Diamond, graphite and silicon dioxide
What are properties of giant covalent structures?
Very high melting and boiling points due to strong covalent bonds between atoms. They don’t conduct electricity as they don’t contain charged particles (however graphite can conduct electricity due to the presence of one delocalised electron per carbon atom).
What are fullerenes?
Molecules of carbon shaped like closed tubes or hollow balls. They’re mainly made up of carbon atoms arranged in hexagons.
What are potential uses of fullerenes?
Delivering drugs, fullerenes can be used to form around (‘cage’) other molecules. Industrial catalysts due to a huge surface area. Forming nanotubes for electronics or strengthening materials without adding much weight.
What are properties of metals?
Very high melting and boiling points due to very strong electrostatic forces between metal atoms and delocalised electrons. Good conductors of electricity and heat due to delocalised electrons being able to carry electric current. Malleable as layers of atoms in a metal can slide over each other.
What is the diameter of a nanoparticle?
1nm - 100nm
What are uses of nanoparticles?
Catalysts (huge SA:V ratio), nanomedicine and cosmetics as small particles are absorbed more easily by the body than most particles, computer chips (some nanoparticles can conduct electricity), surgical masks and wound dressings (silver nanoparticles have antibacterial properties).
