bonding, structure and properties of matter (y10)

Question 1

what does a substance need to change from one state to another?

Answer 1

energy must be transferred

Question 2

what are the properties of particles in a SOLID? (s)

Answer 2

• arranged in a regular pattern
• vibrate in a fixed position
• tightly packed together
• low amount of kinetic energy
• cannot be compressed
• fixed shape

Question 3

what are the properties of particles in a LIQUID? (l)

Answer 3

• randomly arranged
• able to move around each other
• greater amount of kinetic energy compared to a solid
• can flow
  -cannot be compressed

Question 4

what are the properties of particles in a GAS? (g)

Answer 4

• randomly arranged
• able to move around quickly in every direction
• highest amount of kinetic energy
• gases can flow
• particles are FAR APART
• can be compressed

Question 5

what is an ion?

Answer 5

a charged particle

Question 6

how does an element become an ion?

Answer 6

when it loses or gains an electron

-metals lose an ion to become positively charged
-non-metals gain an electron to become negatively charged

Question 7

properties of metals

Answer 7

• found on the left side of the periodic table
• strong, shiny, malleable
• good conductors of heat and electricity

Question 8

properties of non- metals

Answer 8

• brittle, dull, not always solids at room temp
• poor conductors of heat and electricity

Question 9

metallic bonding occurs between :

Answer 9

metals only

Question 10

what are positive ions surrounded by in metallic bonding

Answer 10

a sea of delocalised electrons

Question 11

describe the attraction between between ions and electrons in metallic bonding

Answer 11

there are strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the positive metal ions and negatively charged electrons

Question 12

what does different sized atoms in metals do in metallic bonding

Answer 12

distorts the layers and prevents them sliding over each other, this makes it harder for alloys to be shaped like pure metals

Question 13

ionic bonding occurs between :

Answer 13

a non metal and a metal

Question 14

what happens in ionic bonds

Answer 14

metals LOSE electrons to become positively charged. opposite charges are attracted by electrostatic forces - an ionic bond.

Question 15

what do ionic compounds form

Answer 15

giant lattices.

Question 16

what makes up a giant ionic lattice

Answer 16

strong electrostatic forces that act in all directions and act between the oppositely charged ions that make up a giant ionic lattice

Question 17

properties of ionic compounds :

Answer 17

• high melting point
• high boiling point
• cannot conduct electricity as a solid
• when molten or in a solution, can conduct electricity.

Question 18

covalent bonding occurs between :

Answer 18

non- metals only

Question 19

what is covalent bonding?

Answer 19

the sharing of a pair of electrons between atoms to gain a full outer shell.

Question 20

what molecules does simple covalent bonding occur between ?

Answer 20

• chlorine
• oxygen
• nitrogen
• water
• ammonia
• hydrogen chloride
• methane

Question 21

what do simple covalent structures have in common and why

Answer 21

• low melting and boiling points
• this is because the WEAK INTERMOLLECULAR forces that hold the molecules together break when a substance is heated, not the strong covalent bonds between atoms
• dont conduct electricity
• this si because they have no delocalised electrons

Question 22

what are the properties of a diamond (Giant covalent structure)

Answer 22

• bonded by 4 other carbon atoms
• very strong
• high melting and boiling point
• does not conduct electricity

( this is very similar to silicon dioxide )

Question 23

what are the properties of graphite in a giant covalent structure?

Answer 23

• made up of layers of carbon in hexagons
• each carbon is bonded to 3 other carbons
• has one free delocalised electrons that is able to move between layers
• layers are held together by weak intermollecular forces
• high melting point
  -can conduct electricity

Question 24

what are the properties of graphene in a giant covalent structure

Answer 24

• one layer of graphite
• very strong
• can conduct electricity
• each carbon is bonded with 3 others along with one delocalised electron

Question 25

what is a polymer

Answer 25

long chain molecules that are made up of monomers.

Question 26

what are atoms in a polymer chain held together by

Answer 26

strong covalent bonds

Question 27

what do the intermollecular forces do in polymers?

Answer 27

attract polymers chains towards each other