bonding structure and properties of matter

Question 1

how are ions formed

Answer 1

when atoms gain or lose electrons

Question 2

what are ionic bonds

Answer 2

they are opposite charges and are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces they form an ionic bond which is really strong

Question 3

what states is ionic bonding between

Answer 3

metals and non metals

Question 4

properties of ionic compounds

Answer 4

-high melting and boiling points
-can conduct electricity only when melted or dissolved in water

Question 5

what is high mp and bp determined by

Answer 5

determined by the strength of the bonds holding that substance together so that means the ionic bonds are really strong since they have a high mp and bp

Question 6

formula of hyrdroxide ion sulfate ion nitrate ion carbonate ion and ammonium ions

Answer 6

hydroxide ion-OH^-
sulfate ion-SO4^2-
nitrate ion-NO3^-
carbonate ion-CO3^2-
ammonium ion-NH4^+

Question 7

what is a huge ionic structure called

Answer 7

called a lattice

Question 8

what is the moles equation

Answer 8

moles=mass/Mr

Question 9

how do covalent bonds get a full outer shell

Answer 9

they share electrons so they keep they electrons and gain one or more electrons

Question 10

what are the types of substances covalent bonds can make

Answer 10

water
methane
chlorine
ammonia

Question 11

covalent bonds form between ………… atoms

Answer 11

non metallic

Question 12

properties of simple molecular substances

Answer 12

don’t conduct electricity because they have no free electrons
they are very strong
larger the molecule the stronger the intermolecular forces are
they boil/melt at low temperatures because of intermolecular forces

Question 13

what are intermolecular forces

Answer 13

weak forces that exist between molecules
more a molecule has the stringer they are

Question 14

what are giant covalent structures made out of

Answer 14

huge numbers of non metal atoms

Question 15

properties of giant covalent structures

Answer 15

very strong high melting and boiling points because there in regular repeating lattices
generally don’t conduct electricity even when molten exception is graphite

Question 16

what is silicon dioxide made up of

Answer 16

silicon and two oxygens per one silicone
so its in a 2:1 ratio

Question 17

Atoms can share electrons to form Covid and bonds covered and bonds and substances that only contain a few atoms are called simple molecular substances on the other hand. The queen sub with millions of atoms are called giant Korean bonds giants

Question 18

what is an allotrope

Answer 18

different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state

Question 19

properties of graphite

Answer 19

carbon in graphite is bonded to three other carbon atoms unlike diamond which is 4
atoms are arranged in hexagons which form flat sheets which is then arranged on top of each other to form layers.
layers held together weakly as no covalent bonds between them free to slide over eachother
graphite has a high melting point

Question 20

what is metallic bonding

Answer 20

giant structure of atoms arranged in a regular pattern
they share there electrons with all other atoms in the metal so they now have a pool of delocalised electrons snd there atoms are positive as they have all lost an electron

Question 21

how are regular structures pf metallic bonding held together

Answer 21

held together by strong electrostatic attraction which holds everything together

Question 22

properties of metallic bonding

Answer 22

strong
high mp and bp
conduct electricity
malleable

Question 23

what are alloys

Answer 23

2 or more different elements by mixing together two different metals

Question 24

purpose of alloys

Answer 24

disrupts the regular structure so layers can no longer slide over eachtoher making it much harder than a pure metal

Question 25

3 states of matter

Answer 25

solid liquid and gas

Question 26

properties of solids

Answer 26

strong forces of attraction which holds them close together in a fixed position to form a regular lattice structure keeps a definite shape and volume. particles can vibrate.

Question 27

what happens if you heat up a solid

Answer 27

the particles gain more energy and vibrate more which weakens forces between them
certain temperatures the particles have enough energy to break free of their bonds so solid melts into a liquid

Question 28

liquid properties

Answer 28

weak forces of attraction
free to move around
definite volume
shape can change

Question 29

what happens if you heating up a liquid

Answer 29

particles gain more energy
particles move around faster
so weakens the forces holding particles together once reached bp bonds break free and boils into a gas

Question 30

gas properties

Answer 30

force of attraction is very weak
so particles are free to move around
so dont keep a definite shape or volume
constantly moving with a random motion

Question 31

what happens when heating up a gas

Answer 31

particles gain more energy so travel faster so gas expands or pressure increases if in a fixed container

Question 32

what happens if we cool the gas down

Answer 32

particles wont have enough energy to overcome forces so bonds start to form between particles so gas condenses into a liquid

Question 33

what happens if we cool a liquid

Answer 33

particles wont have enough energy to overcome the attraction between them so more bonds form fixing the particles in place freezing the liquid into a solid