Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter Flashcards
What are the three types of chemical bonds?
Ionic, covalent and metallic bonds
What is an ionic bond?
A bond between a metal and non-metal in which
electrons have been exchanged.
What is a covalent bond?
A bond between two non-metals in which
electrons are shared.
What is a metallic bond?
A bond between metal atoms in which electrons
are delocalised.
How does an ionic compound form?
The metal loses electrons to get a full outer shell
becoming a positively charged ion while the non-metal gains electrons becoming a negatively
charged ion. The oppositely charged ions are
electrostatically attracted to each other.
What is an ionic compound?
A giant structure of ions which are held together
by strong electrostatic forces of attraction
between oppositely charged ions.
What are simple molecules?
Small molecules such as oxygen and water that
contain atoms joined together by covalent bonds.
What are the properties of ionic compounds?
High melting and boiling point. Don’t conduct
electricity when solid but do when molten or
dissolved.
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and
boiling points?
Strong bonds between molecules which takes lots
of energy to overcome.
Why can’t ionic compounds conduct electricity
when solid?
Ions are unable to move freely.
Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity
when molten or dissolved?
Ions are free and so are able to move.
What are the properties of simple molecules?
Low melting and boiling point. Poor conductors.
Why do simple molecules have low melting and
boiling points?
Weak bonds between the molecules and so little
energy is needed to overcome these bonds.
. What are examples of giant covalent structures?
Diamond and graphite.
What is the structure of diamond?
Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four
others in a giant tetrahedral structure.
