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Chemistry > Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter PAPER 1 > Flashcards

Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter PAPER 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

The transfer of electrons

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2
Q

What happens in ionic bonding?

A

When a metal and a non-metal react together, the metal loses electrons to form a positively charged ion and the non-metal gains these electrons to form a negatively charged ion. These oppositely charged ions are strongly attracted to one another

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3
Q

What is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions called?

A

ionic bonding

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4
Q

What is a ionic compound?

A

a compound that only contains ionic bonds

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5
Q

What is the structure of ionic compounds and how is it arranged?

A

a regular lattice structure. It is where ions form a closely packed regular lattice arrangement and have very strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions in all directions

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6
Q

What are the properties of ionic compounds?

A
  • Have high melting and boiling points
  • Can’t conduct electricity when solid
  • dissolve easily in water
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7
Q

What is covalent bonding?

A

the sharing of electrons

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8
Q

What happens in covalent bonding?

A

when two non-metal atoms share a pair of electrons . The electrons involved are in the outer shells of the atoms. An atom that shares one or more of its electrons will complete its outer shell.

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9
Q

What is the structure of substances containing covalent bonds and what are the properties?

A

simple molecular substances

  • melting and boiling point very low as only need to break molecular forces which are very weak
  • gases or liquids at room temp
  • don’t conduct electricity as aren’t charged
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10
Q

What are polymers?

A

where lots of small units are linked together to form a long molecule that has repeating sections

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11
Q

What are the properties of polymers?

A
  • solid at room temp as inter molecular forces are large so lots of energy is needed to break them
  • low boiling point as intermolecular forces weak
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12
Q

What are giant covalent structures?

A

where all the atoms are bonded to each other by strong

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13
Q

What are the properties of giant covalent structures?

A
  • very high melting and boiling points as lots of energy needed to break the bonds
  • don’t conduct electricity as don’t contain charged particles
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14
Q

What is the structure of diamond?

A

four strong covalent bonds in a very rigid giant covalent structure

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15
Q

What is the structure of graphite?

A

Each carbon atom forms three covalent bonds to create layers of hexagons.

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16
Q

What is the structure of graphene?

A

a sheet of carbon atoms joined together in hexagons

17
Q

What is the structure of fullrenes?

A

shaped like closed tubes or hollowed balls which are made up of carbon atoms arranged in hexagons, pentagons or heptagons

18
Q

What is metallic bonding?

A

The outer shell of metal atoms are delocalised. The strong forces of electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and shared negative electrons hold the atoms together.

19
Q

What are the properties of metals?

A
  • very high melting and boiling point as electrostatic forces very strong
  • good conductors of electricity and heat as delocalised electrons carry electrical charge and thermal heat
  • malleable as atoms slide over each other
20
Q

Why are metals good conductors?

A

the delocalised electrons carry electrical charge and thermal heat energy through the whole structure

21
Q

What are the properties of alloys?

A

-harder than metals as different sized atoms are mixed together so more difficult to slide over

22
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

solid, liquid and gas

23
Q

How are the particles in solids arranged?

A

fixed position which are held together by strong forces of attraction

24
Q

How are the particles in liquids arranged?

A

free to move past each other but tend to stick close together

25
Q

How are the particles in gases arranged?

A

free to move around and far away from each other

26
Q

What are the state symbols and what do they represent?

A

(s) - solid
(g) - gas
(l) - liquid
(aq) - aqueous

Chemistry (4 decks)

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