bonding, structure...

Question 1

what 3 ways can atoms chemically bond (join together) in?

Answer 1

ionic bonding, covalent bonding or metallic bonding

Question 2

what does ionic bonding involve?

Answer 2

an attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 3

where are ionic bonds found?

Answer 3

in compounds made of metals and non-metals.

Question 4

what does covalent bonding involve?

Answer 4

covalent bonding involves 2 atoms sharing 1 or more pairs of electrons.

Question 5

where are covalent bonds found?

Answer 5

in most non-metal elements and in compounds of non-metals.

Question 6

what does metallic bonding involve?

Answer 6

involves an attraction between positively charged ions and negatively charged, delocalised electrons.

Question 7

where are metallic bonds found?

Answer 7

in metals and alloys (mixtures of metals and other substances).

Question 8

When atoms form ions what do they try to do?

Answer 8

fill up or empty their outer electron shell

Question 9

what happens in ionic bonding?

Answer 9

a metal atom transfers electrons to a non-metal atom, allowing both of them (the metal and non-metal) to have a full outer electron shell.

Question 10

what do group 1 metals always lose to form?

Answer 10

they always lose 1 electron to form positive ions with a charge of +1

Question 11

give an eg of the electron being lost to form positive ions with a charge of +1

Answer 11

a sodium atom (Na), with the electronic structure (2,8,1), loses its outer electron when forming an ion to make Na+.

Question 12

what do group 2 metals always lose to form?

Answer 12

Group 2 metals always lose 2 electrons to form doubly positive ions.

Question 13

give an eg of two electrons being lost to form doubly positive ions.

Answer 13

a magnesium atom (Mg), with the electronic structure (2,8,2), loses both its outer electrons when forming an ion to make Mg2+.

Question 14

what do non metal atoms (groups 6 n 7) always gain to form?

Answer 14

electrons to form negative ions.

Question 15

give an eg of electrons being gained to form negative ions

Answer 15

a fluorine atom (F), with the electronic structure (2,7), will gain an electron when forming an ion to make F-.

Question 16

noble gases (group 0) already have a full?…

Answer 16

outer shell.

Question 17

what don’t noble gases normally form with other elements?

Answer 17

ionic bonds with other elements.

Question 18

what wil the GROUP no. in the periodic table tell you about an atoms outer shell?

Answer 18

The group number in the periodic table tells you the number of electrons in an atom’s outer electron shell.

Question 19

whats are ions?

Answer 19

charged particles

Question 20

how are ions created?

Answer 20

They are created when an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons.

Question 21

what does gaining electrons create (in an ion)? what about losing electrons?

Answer 21

Gaining electrons creates a negatively charged ion; losing electrons creates a positively charged ion.

Question 22

what are positive ions also known as?

Answer 22

cations

Question 23

what are negative ions also known as?

Answer 23

negative ions

Question 24

when are positive ions usually created?

Answer 24

when an atom or molecule loses electrons.

Question 25

what can the metals in group 1 n 2 easily lose and why?

Answer 25

they can easily lose electrons. to become positively charged ions.

Question 26

how are negative ions usually created?

Answer 26

when an atom or molecule gains electrons

Question 27

what are the non metals ingroup 7 most likely to gain?

Answer 27

electrons to fill up their electron shell and become negatively charged.

Question 28

what can ions be:

Answer 28

Single elements (e.g. F-).
A group of elements with an overall charge (e.g. SO42-).