bonding and structure Flashcards
ionic bonding
strong electrostatic forces of attraction between opposing charged ions
stronger and higher mp when smaller ion and higher charge eg mg o higher mp than nail bc smaller and larger charges
GIANT IONIC LATTICE EG MGO NACL
physical properties of ionic compounds
high mp as strong electrostatic attractive forces between opposing charged ions in lattice
dont conduct electricity when solid as ions held tightly together sp cant move and no charge
good conductor when molten as ions free to move
covalent
strong electrostatic forces of attraction between a shared pair of electrons and nuclei of bonded atoms
SIMPLE MOLECULAR induced dipole dimple London hydrogen like water methane co2
dative cov bond
shared pair of electrons in cov bond only come from one of the bonding atoms usually nh4+ and h3o+
properties of giant ionic
high bp mp as giant lattice of ions with strong electrostatic forces of attraction between opposing charged ions
and soluble in water
dont connut electricity when solid
usually crystalline solids
simple molecular properties
low mp and bp as weak IMF
not v soluble in water
cant conduct electricity as no ions
mostly gases and liquids
linear
2BP 180 CO2 HCN
trignol planar
3BP 120 ALCL3 NO3 SO3
tetrahedral
4BP 109.5 NH4+ SICL4 CLO4-
trigonal pyramidal
3BP 1LP 107 NCL3 PF3 CLO3
bent
2BP 2LP 104.5 SCL2 OF2 H2S
Octahedral
6BP 90 SF6
electronegativity
relative tendendancy of atom in cov bond in molecule to attract electrons in cov bond to itself
factors affecting electronegativity
increases across period as number of protons increase
atomic radius decreases as electrons in same shell pulled more
decreases down a group as distance between nucleus and outer electrons increases and shielding of inner electrons increases
