bonding and structure Flashcards
what is a bond
the electrostatic force of attraction between positive species and negative species
metallic bonding
the electrostatic force of attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised sea of electrons
ionic bond
the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositly charged ions
covalent bonding
the electrostatic attraction between two nuclei and the shared pair of electrons
valence electrons
electrons in the outer shell of an atom or ion
dative covalent bonding
a covalent bond with both electrons in the shared pair provided by one atom
lattice
a repeating structure
physical properties of metallic bonding
high density and melting point
can conduct temperature and electricity
malleable
ductile
chemical properties of metallic bonding
-their first ionisation energy is smaller than non metals
-they have a relatively low electronegativity
what is formed when metal and water react
metal hydroxide and hydrogen
electronegativity
this is the power of an atom to attract the pair of electrons in a covalent bond
octet rule
this requires all atoms in a molecule to have 8 valence electrons to become stable
properties of ionic compounds
-high melting point
-brittle
-soluble in water
-conducts electricity when in solution or molten
what are the factors that affect strength of ionic bonds
-charge of the cations/anions-higher charge makes it stronger
-packing- the closer the ions, the stronger the forces
-geometry- how many oppositely charged ions surround it
