bonding and structure

Question 1

what can speed up a reaction

Answer 1

• using a catalyst
  -increasing temperature
  -increasing concentration
  -decreasing particle size

Question 2

a reaction can be tracked by

Answer 2

-measuring mass loss
-measuring volume
-measuring gas produced

Question 3

average rate of reaction

Answer 3

change in quantity/change in time

Question 4

graphs

Answer 4

steeper gradients faster reaction
reaction is finished when the line is leveled off

Question 5

why is an atom neutral

Answer 5

An atom is neutral because there is the same amount of protons (+) as there are electrons (-).

Question 6

the electron shells

Answer 6

1st Only has 2
2nd has up to 8
3rd 8

Question 7

protons

Answer 7

located in the nucleus. + charge, 1

Question 8

neutrons

Answer 8

located in the nucleus, nuetral charge, mass of 1 amu

Question 9

electrons

Answer 9

electron shells, negatively charged, weighs almost 0

Question 10

the mass of an atom

Answer 10

comes from the protons and neutrons

Question 11

Relative atomic mass

Answer 11

nuclei

Question 12

isotope

Answer 12

same atomic number with different mass number

Question 13

what is a diatomic molecule

Answer 13

a molecule that contains two atoms

Question 14

bonds between molecules

Answer 14

weak

Question 15

ions are

Answer 15

particle with a charge

Question 16

metals form

Answer 16

positive ions

Question 17

non-metals form

Answer 17

negative ions

Question 18

metal transfer electrons to

Answer 18

non-metal ions

Question 18

why do atoms form ionic bonds

Answer 18

to achieve a full outer electron shell like the noble gases

Question 19

ions form

Answer 19

an ionic lattice

Question 20

what holds an ionic lattice together

Answer 20

the electrostatic forces of attraction between the positive ions and negative ions

Question 21

ionic lattices have high

Answer 21

melting points and boiling points

Question 22

ionic lattices can

Answer 22

dissolve in water

Question 23

ionic substances conduct in

Answer 23

molten or in solution

Question 24

ionic bonds are

Answer 24

strong

Question 25

covalent bonds is

Answer 25

the sharing of electrons between non-metal ions

Question 26

what keeps a covalent bond together

Answer 26

the mutual attraction of the postive nuclei for the negative electrons

Question 27

what is a molecule

Answer 27

a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 28

there are two types of covalent bonds

Answer 28

• network
• molecular

Question 29

covalent molecular

Answer 29

weak bonds - low mp and bp

Question 30

covalent networks

Answer 30

strong bonds - high mp and bp

Question 31

covalent bonds never

Answer 31

conduct electricty because they have no charged particles

Question 32

generally covalent substances

Answer 32

never dissolve in water

Question 33

metallic bonding

Answer 33

positive ions attract negative delocalised electrons. these electrons can move anywhere and conduct electricty

Question 34

can metals dissolve

Answer 34

no they are insoluble

Question 35

shapes of molecules

Answer 35

1. Linear
2. Angular
3. Pyramidal
4. Tetrahedral

Question 36

The diatomic molecules are

Answer 36

Hydrogen
Iodine
Nitrogen
Chlorine
Bromine
Oxygen
Fluorine

Question 37

collision theory

Answer 37

In order for a chemical reaction to occur these particles must be able to collide with enough energy to form a new substance

Question 38

biological catalysts

Answer 38

enzymes

Question 39

only outer electrons are involved in formation of bonds

Answer 39

true

Question 40

Boron, SIlicon, Carbon

Answer 40

all form covalent networks