bonding and shapes of molecules

Question 1

what are the shapes of s and p orbitals?

Answer 1

s = sphere
p = dumbell

Question 2

what are orbitals?

Answer 2

orbitals are regions in the space around an atom where electrons are most likely to be found, they can contain a maximum of two electrons

Question 3

how are electrons arranged in orbitals?

Answer 3

electrons fill from the lowest energy orbital first. electrons will prefer to occupy orbitals by themselves, and will only pair with other electrons if no other lower energy orbitals are available to fill

Question 4

what order do the orbitals fill?

Answer 4

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p

Question 5

why does the 4s orbital fill before the 3d orbital?

Answer 5

the 4s orbital is of a lower energy than the 3d orbital, so it fills up first

Question 6

what is the magic sentence for describing shapes of molecules?

Answer 6

• X sets of electrons
• around the central atom
• repel
• to get as far away as possible
  (lone pairs repel more than bonding pairs)

Question 7

whats the name and bond angle of a molecule with 4 sets of bonding electrons?

Answer 7

tetrahedral
bond = 109.5

Question 8

whats the name and bond angle of a molecule with 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

Answer 8

Pyramidal
bond = 107

Question 9

whats the name and bond angle of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs?

Answer 9

Bent/V-shaped
bond = 104.5

Question 10

whats the name and bond angle of a molecule with 3 bonding sets of electrons?

Answer 10

Planar triangular
bond = 120

Question 11

whats the name and bond angle of a molecule with 2 sets of bonding electrons?

Answer 11

linear
bond = 180

Question 12

whats the name of a molecule with 5 sets of bonding electrons?

Answer 12

triagonal bipyramidal