bonding and interactions

Question 1

what are the main types of bonding involved in drug binding interactions?

Answer 1

electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, van der waals, dipole-dipole and ion dipole, hydrophobic interactions and repulsive forces

Question 2

what are electrostatic interactions and what influences their strength?

Answer 2

ionic interactions between groups with opposite charges their strength depends on distance, ph and salt concentration and they are stronger in a hydrophobic environment

Question 3

describe hydrogen bonding in drug interactions ?

Answer 3

it involves an electron rich atom and electron deficient hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom, creating a delta positive charge on the hydrogen

Question 4

what is the optimal angle for hydrogen bond formation?

Answer 4

the optimal angle is 180 but it can vary from 130 to 90 degrees

Question 5

why are sulfur atoms considered poor hydrogen bond acceptors

Answer 5

their lone pair electrons are in a diffuse 3rd shell making them less effective at accepting hydrogen bonds

Question 6

what type of interactions are van der waals forces ?

Answer 6

weak forces that occur in hydrophobic regions but can have significant cumulative effects

Question 7

what are dipole dipole interactions?

Answer 7

interactions between polar molecules with permanent dipole moments, requiring correct orientations for stronger binding

Question 8

what is the difference between dipole-dipole and ion dipole interactions?

Answer 8

ion dipole interactions involve an ionic charge interacting with a dipole while dipole dipole interactions are between two permanent dipoles

Question 9

how does water affect drug binding?

Answer 9

water can solvate molecules interfering with binding. energy needed to remove water must be compensated by the energy gained from binding interactions.

Question 10

what happens when non polar regions interact hydrophobically?

Answer 10

water is expelled from between non polar regions, increasing binding energy as water becomes less ordered.

Question 11

why are repulsive interactions important in drug binding?

Answer 11

they prevent molecules from binding too tightly, allowing them to eventually leave the binding site

Question 12

what is the order of interaction intensity over distance?

Answer 12

electrostatic , ion dipole, dipole dipole and van der waals

Question 13

what role do electrostatic and ion dipole interactions play in drug binding?

Answer 13

they are crucial for initial attraction while dipole- dipole, hydrogen bonding and van der waals interactions maintain the position