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Bonding, Formulae And Chemical Reactions > Bonding And Formulae > Flashcards

Bonding And Formulae Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Compounds are substances formed when…

A

Atoms of two of more elements join together chemically.

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2
Q

The name of a compound is derived from…

A

The names of the elements that it is formed from.

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3
Q

If a compound contains a metal and non-metal, the name that comes first is…

A

The metal.

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4
Q

Compound names usually end in… (3 endings)

A

-ide
-ite
Or -ate

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5
Q

Compounds with a name ending in “ide”…

A

Contain only two elements.

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6
Q

Compounds with a name ending in “ate” or “ite”…

A

Contain three or more elements, one of which is oxygen.

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7
Q

The formula of a compound can be worked out by… (3 ways)

A
  1. Using molecular models and structures
  2. Using number prefixes (if it has one)
  3. Using valency rules
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8
Q

The formula mass of a substance can be calculated by…

A

Adding together the relative atomic masses (RAM) of all the atoms in the formula.

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9
Q

Chemical reactions can be described in a shorthand known as a…

A

Chemical equation.

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10
Q

Two types of equation are…

A
  1. Word equations

2. Equations using symbols and formulae.

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11
Q

State symbols can be written in equations to show if…

A

Substances are:

  • Solids (s)
  • Liquids (l)
  • Gases (g)
  • in a solution (aq)
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12
Q

There are two main types of compound…

A

Covalent compounds and ionic compounds.

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13
Q

Ionic compounds usually contain…

A

A metal and a non-metal.

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14
Q

Covalent compounds usually contain…

A

Non-metals only.

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15
Q

The “join” between atoms is called…

A

A bond.

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16
Q

When atoms form bonds, the only electrons involved are those in the…

A

Outer electron shell.

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17
Q

When a metal atom joins to a non-metal atom…

A

Outer electrons are transferred from the metal atom to the non-metal atom.

18
Q

When an atom loses or gains electrons, it is left with an overall charge, and it is now called an…

A

Ion.

19
Q

Metal atoms lose electrons, so the metal ion has more protons (+) than electrons (-) so has an overall…

A

Positive charge.

20
Q

Non-metal atoms gain electrons, so the non-metal ions has more electrons (-) than protons (+) so has an overall…

A

Negative charge.

21
Q

The ions are held by an ionic bond, which is…

A

The attraction between oppositely charged ions.

22
Q

Millions of ions can join by ionic bonds to form an…

A

Ionic lattice.

23
Q

The formula of ionic compound tells…

A

The ratio of ions in the lattice.

24
Q

CaCl2 has how many chloride ions for each calcium ion?

A

2 chloride ions for each calcium ion.

25
Q

A covalent bond is formed when two non-metals atoms…

A

Share a pair of outer electrons.

26
Q

Covalent compounds can form two types of structure…

A

Molecules and networks.

27
Q

A molecule is…

A

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.

28
Q

The formula of covalent molecule tells…

A

The number of atoms in the molecule.

29
Q

A H2O molecule contains how many hydrogen and oxygen atoms…

A

A H2O molecule contains 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.

30
Q

A diatomic molecule is…

A

One that contains only two atoms.

31
Q

The diatomic elements are… (7 elements)

A

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2 and I2

32
Q

When writing the formula for an element…

A

Just write the symbol for the element

UNLESS IT IS ONE OF THE DIATOMIC ELEMENTS.

33
Q

Covalent networks contain…

A

Millions of atoms joined by covalent bonds.

34
Q

The formula of covalent network tells…

A

The ratio of atoms in the network.

35
Q

SiO2 has how many oxygen atoms for each silicon atoms…

A

SiO2 has 2 oxygen atoms for each silicon atom.

36
Q

Covalent compounds NEVER…

A

Conduct electricity.

37
Q

Ionic compounds only conduct electricity…

A

When they are melted or dissolved in water (in solution)

38
Q

Ionic compounds conduct when their…

A

Ions are free to move.

39
Q

Metals ALWAYS conduct because…

A

Their outer electrons are free to move.

40
Q

Ionic compounds have a lattice structure which is difficult to break up, so they are…

A

Solids at room temperature and have high melting and boiling points.

41
Q

Covalent networks have many strong covalent bonds which are difficult to break up, so they are…

A

Solids at room temperature and have high melting and boiling points.

42
Q

Covalent molecules have weak forces between them so…

A

They have lower melting and boiling points, and can be solids, liquids or gases at room temperature.

Bonding, Formulae And Chemical Reactions (4 decks)

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