Bonding And Formulae Flashcards
Compounds are substances formed when…
Atoms of two of more elements join together chemically.
The name of a compound is derived from…
The names of the elements that it is formed from.
If a compound contains a metal and non-metal, the name that comes first is…
The metal.
Compound names usually end in… (3 endings)
-ide
-ite
Or -ate
Compounds with a name ending in “ide”…
Contain only two elements.
Compounds with a name ending in “ate” or “ite”…
Contain three or more elements, one of which is oxygen.
The formula of a compound can be worked out by… (3 ways)
- Using molecular models and structures
- Using number prefixes (if it has one)
- Using valency rules
The formula mass of a substance can be calculated by…
Adding together the relative atomic masses (RAM) of all the atoms in the formula.
Chemical reactions can be described in a shorthand known as a…
Chemical equation.
Two types of equation are…
- Word equations
2. Equations using symbols and formulae.
State symbols can be written in equations to show if…
Substances are:
- Solids (s)
- Liquids (l)
- Gases (g)
- in a solution (aq)
There are two main types of compound…
Covalent compounds and ionic compounds.
Ionic compounds usually contain…
A metal and a non-metal.
Covalent compounds usually contain…
Non-metals only.
The “join” between atoms is called…
A bond.
When atoms form bonds, the only electrons involved are those in the…
Outer electron shell.
When a metal atom joins to a non-metal atom…
Outer electrons are transferred from the metal atom to the non-metal atom.
When an atom loses or gains electrons, it is left with an overall charge, and it is now called an…
Ion.
Metal atoms lose electrons, so the metal ion has more protons (+) than electrons (-) so has an overall…
Positive charge.
Non-metal atoms gain electrons, so the non-metal ions has more electrons (-) than protons (+) so has an overall…
Negative charge.
The ions are held by an ionic bond, which is…
The attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Millions of ions can join by ionic bonds to form an…
Ionic lattice.
The formula of ionic compound tells…
The ratio of ions in the lattice.
CaCl2 has how many chloride ions for each calcium ion?
2 chloride ions for each calcium ion.
