Bonding Flashcards
Name the 3 types of intermolecular forces.
LDF’s, PD-PD, Hydrogen Bonding.
Explain how LDF’s arise?
London Dispersion Forces are an electrostatic
attraction between a temporary dipole and a
temporary induced dipole.
They are caused by the uneven distribution of electrons.
They are always linked with the number of electrons.
They are the main force between non-polar molecules.
Explain how PD-PD bonds arise?
Permanent dipole – dipole attractions are intermolecular forces of attraction between the positive dipole of one molecule and the negative dipole of another
This means that they arise in polar molecules.
Explain how Hydrogen Bonding arises?
Hydrogen Bonding arises when Hydrogen is bonded to either N, O or F.
Hydrogen Bonding indicates that the molecule is polar due the its bonds with N, O or F.
The more Hydrogen Bonds, the more viscous the liquid is.
What is a covalent bond?`
A covalent bond is when atoms share their electrons.
What is pure covalent bonding?
Pure covalent bonding is when elements in a compound have the same electronegativity, exerting an equal pull on the shared electrons.
This is also known as non-polar covalent bonding.
What is polar covalent bonding?
Polar covalent bonding is when an atom with a highest electronegativity attracts electrons more strongly than the other atom.
This results in dipoles where the atom that has the higher electronegativity having a slight negative charge and the other atom having a slight positive charge.
What is ionic bonding?
Ionic bonding is when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, causing on atom to lose electrons, the other to gain.
This usually happens between a metal and a non-metal due to their difference in electronegativity, but some metal compounds will be covalent.
What type of structure do ionic compounds have?
They have ionic lattices of oppositely charged ions
Explain the term “like dissolves like”.
When polar solvents will dissolve in polar and ionic substances, but they won’t dissolve in non-polar substances.
