Bonding Flashcards
What are the 2 main types of bonds found in compounds?
Covalent & ionic
Where are covalent bonds found?
In non metal compounds
Where are ionic bonds found?
Between metals and non metals
When do covalent bonds form?
When atoms share electrons to achieve an electron arrangement like a noble gas
When do ionic bonds form?
When metal elements lose electrons to achieve a stable electron arrangement
When metal elements lose electrons, what gains them?
Non metal elements
What do ionic substances make?
Lattices
Describe the properties of lattices
They have:
• high melting and boiling points
• good solubility in water
• ability to conduct electricity when molten or in solution
Why do lattices have high melting points?
Because strong ionic bonds must be broken to break up the lattice
What do covalent substances make?
Molecules or networks
Describe the properties of molecules
They are small bundles of atoms covalently bonded together. These have: • low melting and boiling points • poor solubility in water • no electrical conductivity
Describe the properties of networks
They are giant structure containing billions of atoms covalently bonded These have: • high melting and boiling points • poor solubility in water • no electrical conductivity
List 5 common acids
- vinegar
- fizzy juice
- hydrochloride acid
- sulfuric acid
- nitric acid
List 5 common alkalis
- toothpaste
- bleach
- drain cleaner
- calcium hydroxide
- sodium hydroxide
What do all acids contain
All acids contain more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
What do all alkalis contain
All alkalis contain more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions
If you dilute an acid, what happens to the hydrogen ion concentration and the pH?
The hydrogen ion concentration decrease and the pH increases
If you dilute an alkali, what happens to the hydroxide ion concentration and the pH?
The hydroxide ion concentration decreases and the pH decreases
When added to water, what do soluble metal oxides produce?
Metal hydroxide solutions
Define neutralisation
Bringing the pH of an acid/alkali towards 7
What is produced when during the equation?
Acid + alkali
Salt + water
What is produced during this equation?
Acid + metal oxide
Salt + water
What is produced during this equation?
Acid + metal hydroxide
Salt + water
What is produced during this equation?
Acid + metal carbonate
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
