Bonding

Question 1

What is ionic bonding

Answer 1

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions held in a lattice

Question 2

Ionic bp

Answer 2

High because takes a lot of energy to break strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 3

Do ionic compounds conduct electricity

Answer 3

Yes when molten as ions are free to move

Question 4

What is simple molecular covalent bonding

Answer 4

Strong covalent bonds between atoms, weak van der waals forces of attraction between molecules

Question 5

Can simple molecular covalent molecules conduct electricity

Answer 5

No, no electrons free

Question 6

So simple molecular substances have a high or low bp

Answer 6

Low

Weak van der waals forces of attraction between molecules that don’t take much energy to overcome

Question 7

Describe macromolecular covalent bonding

Answer 7

Lattice of many atoms held together by strong covalent bonds

Question 8

So macromolecular covalent bonds have high or low bp

Answer 8

High

As it takes a lot of energy to overcome strong covalent bonds

Question 9

Metallic bonding

Answer 9

Lattice is positive metal ions strongly attracted to a sea of delocalised electrons

Question 10

Do metallic compounds have a high or low bp

Answer 10

High

Strong forces of attraction between positive ions and negative electrons

Question 11

Do metallic compounds conduct electricity

Answer 11

Yes as delocalised sea is electrons

Question 12

Define electronegativity

Answer 12

The ability of an atom to attract the pair of electrons in a covalent bond

Question 13

What affects electronegativity

Answer 13

Nuclear charge
Atomic radius
Electron shielding

Question 14

What is the most electronegative element

Answer 14

F

Question 15

How do you get a non polar bond

Answer 15

Both bonding elements have the same electronegativities

Question 16

What is the strongest intermolecular force

Answer 16

Hydrogen bonding

Question 17

What is the weakest intermolecular force

Answer 17

Van der waals

Question 18

Describe van der waals

Answer 18

Temporary dipoles are created by the random movement of electrons
Induces dipole in neighbouring molecule
Temporary induced dipole dipole

Question 19

Describe permanent dipole dipole

Answer 19

Some molecules with polar bonds have permanent dipoles

Forces of attraction between those dipoles and those of neighbouring molecules

Question 20

What conditions are needed for hydrogen bonding

Answer 20

O N F are highly electronegative

Strong attraction between H nucleus and lone pair of electrons on O N F

Question 21

Why is ice less dense than liquid water

Answer 21

In liquid hydrogen constantly break and reform

In ice the hydrogen bonds hold the molecules in fixed positions this makes them slightly further apart than in liquid

Question 22

What is co ordinate bonding

Answer 22

Formed when an electron deficient atom accepts a lone pair of electrons from an atom with a lone pair of electrons

Question 23

What does the shape of molecules depend on

Answer 23

Number of electrons on the valence shell

Number of these electrons which are in bonded or lone pairs