bonding Flashcards
forces n ionic bonding
strong electrostatic forces between ions
forces in covalent bonding
strong covalent bonding in molecules
weak intermolecular forces between molecules
giant covalent structures are…
macromolecules- all atoms bonded together
silicon dioxide (silica) structure
giant lattice of oxygen and silicon
what keeps metals together
strong electrostatic connections between free electrons and ions
nithinol
metal that is “shape memory” braces and glasses
fullerenes
tiny molecules of carbon
shaped like hollow balls or closed tubes
can be joined together to form nanotubes
nanoscience- nanoparticles uses
industrial catalysts- high volume to surface area ratio
sensor for specific particles
stronger, lighter building materials
tan cream and deodorant- no white marks
Nano medicine- absorbed by the body easily- better delivery to specific body areas
lubricants electric circuits (small ones on microchips) nanotubes conduct electricity
thermosofteniung polymers
weak forces between chains (weak intermolecular forces). no cross links. can easy melt and remould as many times as you like
thermosetting polymers
crosslinks between chains
strong intermolecular forces
don’t soften when heated
reasons for not 100% yield
reversible reaction
lose liquids when filtering
unexpected reactions that use up reactants
high yield= more sustainable
paper chromatography
put dye in solvent
put spots on PENCIL baseline
roll up and put into water- baseline above
dyes seep up paper at different points
could be more dyes than seen- more than one in a spot
machine ads
sensitive- smallest amounts detected
fast
accurate
gas chromatography
gas travels through tube with solids
substances travel at different speeds- separated
time taken to reach detector = retention time
plotted on gas chromatograph- peaks are each substance
mass spectrometer GC-MS
work out relative molecular mass of each substance - read off molecular ion peak
