bonding Flashcards
when do we use the prefix +ate?
when they contain two elements and oxygen
e.g. calcium carbonate contains calcium carbon and oxygen
what is the symbol for liquid
l and the only liquid is water
what is the symbol for aqueous?
aq
what is the symbol for solids?
s
what is the symbol for gases?
g
what is the reaction for NEUTRALISATION
CaCO(3) + HCl (arrow) CaCl(2) + CO(2) + H(2)O
what is the reaction for DISPLACEMENT?
Cu + 2AgNO(3) (arrow) Cu(NO(3)(2) +2Ag
what is the reaction for COMBUSTION?
CH(4) + 2O(2) (arrow) CO2 +2H(2)O
what is the reaction for MASH?
Mg +H(2)SO(4) (arrow) SO(4) + H(2)
what is the reaction for THERMAL DECOMPOSITION?
Cu + CuO (arrow) CO(2)
what is the reaction for precipitation?
FeSO(4) + 2NaOH (arrow) Fe(OH)(2) + Na(2)SO(4)
what is ionic bonding?
the bonding that takes place between a metal and a non metal. we make sure both elements have full outer shells. non metal atoms gain electrons and metal ions lose electrons
what are the ion charges when we lose or gain electrons?
when we lose electrons the charge is +
when we gain electrons the charge is -
what is covalent bonding?
the bonding that occurs between two nonmetals. instead of losing and gaining electrons, they share them.
what are molecular solids/covalent solids?
- strong bonds between the molecules
- weak attractions within the molecules
- melting points will always be low
what are giant covalent structures?
e.g. diamond silica and graphite
- very high melting points
- most do not conduct electricity
what are some key features of diamonds?
- very hard
- very strong bonds
- used for cutting, drilling, sandpaper
what are some key features of graphite?
- allotrope of carbon
- layers SLIDE over eachother
- softer than carbon
- WEAK MOLECULAR FORCES BETWEEN LAYERS
- STRONG BONDS WITHIN LAYERS and this means a high melting point
- conducts electricity
- used for pencils, lubricant and break pads
what is metallic bonding?
occurs between metal and metal. bonds because positive protons attract to the electrons. electrons are free and this means that the metal atoms are known as POSITIVE IONS
what is neutralisation?
a reaction when alkalinity/acidity is removed
what is displacement?
when a reactive and less reactive element react. the less reactive element is removed and replaced by the more reactive
what is combustion?
exothermic reaction- releases heat
what is MASH?
when dilute acids react with reactive metals. the products are ALWAYS salt + hydrogen
what is thermal decomposition?
when substances break down when heated
what is precipitation?
the excess left over after a reaction
