bonding

Question 1

when do we use the prefix +ate?

Answer 1

when they contain two elements and oxygen

e.g. calcium carbonate contains calcium carbon and oxygen

Question 2

what is the symbol for liquid

Answer 2

l and the only liquid is water

Question 3

what is the symbol for aqueous?

Answer 3

aq

Question 4

what is the symbol for solids?

Answer 4

s

Question 5

what is the symbol for gases?

Answer 5

g

Question 6

what is the reaction for NEUTRALISATION

Answer 6

CaCO(3) + HCl (arrow) CaCl(2) + CO(2) + H(2)O

Question 7

what is the reaction for DISPLACEMENT?

Answer 7

Cu + 2AgNO(3) (arrow) Cu(NO(3)(2) +2Ag

Question 8

what is the reaction for COMBUSTION?

Answer 8

CH(4) + 2O(2) (arrow) CO2 +2H(2)O

Question 9

what is the reaction for MASH?

Answer 9

Mg +H(2)SO(4) (arrow) SO(4) + H(2)

Question 10

what is the reaction for THERMAL DECOMPOSITION?

Answer 10

Cu + CuO (arrow) CO(2)

Question 11

what is the reaction for precipitation?

Answer 11

FeSO(4) + 2NaOH (arrow) Fe(OH)(2) + Na(2)SO(4)

Question 12

what is ionic bonding?

Answer 12

the bonding that takes place between a metal and a non metal. we make sure both elements have full outer shells. non metal atoms gain electrons and metal ions lose electrons

Question 13

what are the ion charges when we lose or gain electrons?

Answer 13

when we lose electrons the charge is +

when we gain electrons the charge is -

Question 14

what is covalent bonding?

Answer 14

the bonding that occurs between two nonmetals. instead of losing and gaining electrons, they share them.

Question 15

what are molecular solids/covalent solids?

Answer 15

• strong bonds between the molecules
• weak attractions within the molecules
• melting points will always be low

Question 16

what are giant covalent structures?

Answer 16

e.g. diamond silica and graphite

• very high melting points
• most do not conduct electricity

Question 17

what are some key features of diamonds?

Answer 17

• very hard
• very strong bonds
• used for cutting, drilling, sandpaper

Question 18

what are some key features of graphite?

Answer 18

• allotrope of carbon
• layers SLIDE over eachother
• softer than carbon
• WEAK MOLECULAR FORCES BETWEEN LAYERS
• STRONG BONDS WITHIN LAYERS and this means a high melting point
• conducts electricity
• used for pencils, lubricant and break pads

Question 19

what is metallic bonding?

Answer 19

occurs between metal and metal. bonds because positive protons attract to the electrons. electrons are free and this means that the metal atoms are known as POSITIVE IONS

Question 20

what is neutralisation?

Answer 20

a reaction when alkalinity/acidity is removed

Question 21

what is displacement?

Answer 21

when a reactive and less reactive element react. the less reactive element is removed and replaced by the more reactive

Question 22

what is combustion?

Answer 22

exothermic reaction- releases heat

Question 23

what is MASH?

Answer 23

when dilute acids react with reactive metals. the products are ALWAYS salt + hydrogen

Question 24

what is thermal decomposition?

Answer 24

when substances break down when heated

Question 25

what is precipitation?

Answer 25

the excess left over after a reaction