Bonding

Question 1

What are the three main types of bonding ?

Answer 1

Covalent, ionic and metallic

Question 2

Why do atoms bond ?

Answer 2

To achieve a full outer electron shell

Question 3

What do molecules contain ?

Answer 3

They contain 2 or more non-metal atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 4

What do diatomic molecules contain ?

Answer 4

They contain 2 atoms only

e.g. Carbon monoxide
Hydrogen monoxide

Question 5

Name 3 diatomic elements ?

Answer 5

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

Question 6

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 6

The force of attraction between the nuclei and the shared outer electrons

Question 7

What are the 4 basic shapes of molecules ?

Answer 7

Linear, angular, pyramidal and tetrahedral

Question 8

Name the 2 types of covalent compounds ?

Answer 8

Discrete molecular and giant networks

Question 9

What do all discrete covalent molecules have ?

Answer 9

Low melting and boiling points because only weak intermolecular bonds are broken not covalent bonds

Question 10

What do covalent networks have ?

Answer 10

Very high boiling points because strong covalent bonds must be broken

Question 11

What do ionic compounds contain ?

Answer 11

Oppositely charged ions

Question 12

Describe what is meant by an ionic lattice ?

Answer 12

All ionic compounds are solid at room temperature with the ions being held in a fixed pattern called an ionic lattice

The ions can’t move and are held in place by the strong forces of attraction between opposite charges

Question 13

What is an ionic bond ?

Answer 13

The force of attraction between oppositely charged ions in a compound

Question 14

Conductors of electricity ?

Answer 14

All metals (any state)
Carbon (graphite)
Liquid ionic compound

Question 15

Insulators of electricity ?

Answer 15

Non-metals (except carbon)
Covalent substances
Solid ionic compounds

Question 16

How do element conduct electricity ?

Answer 16

By flow of electrons

Question 17

How do compounds conduct electricity ?

Answer 17

By flow of ions

Question 18

Why do ionic liquids conduct electricity ?

Answer 18

because the ions that were held in the lattice structure are now free to move

Question 19

How is the ionic lattice broken down ?

Answer 19

By heating and dissolving

Question 20

What are electrolytes ?

Answer 20

Liquids that conduct using the movement of ions

Question 21

Name the 2 ways to produce an electrolyte ?

Answer 21

Dissolve solid ionic compounds in water

Melt solid ionic compounds

Question 22

What has a high melting point ?

Answer 22

Ionic compounds and giant covalent networks

Question 23

What has a low melting point ?

Answer 23

Covalent molecular

Question 24

Why do giant covalent networks have high melting points ?

Answer 24

because strong covalent bonds must be broken

Question 25

Why does a covalent molecular have a low melting point ?

Answer 25

less energy is required because only weak bonds between the molecules are being broken

Question 26

Why do ionic compounds have high melting points ?

Answer 26

because strong ionic bonds must be broken

Question 27

Are ionic compounds soluble in water ?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

Are covalent compounds soluble in water ?

Answer 28

No they are insoluble

Question 29

What is a metallic bond ?

Answer 29

The force of attraction between positively charged ions and delocalised electrons