Bonding

Question 1

Ionic Bonding

Bonding = When atoms share or exchange electrons to complete a full outer shell

Answer 1

Metal with Non metal
- Ions formed when 1 atom pulls electrons away from another giving both full outer shells
- Positive Ion = Cation
- Negative Ion = Anion
-Metals always from positive ions bc they give their electrons to a non metal meaning they are less negative
- Opposite for Non metals
If F and Na bonded: F > [F]- Na > [Na]+
Gains electron Loses electron

Question 2

Covalent Bonding

Answer 2

The sharing of a pair of electrons between non- metals

1 H has incomplete outer shell.
Bonded with other H and it does

Some elements go around covalently bonded in pairs - Diatomic molecules e.g O2, H2, N2 and all group 7 elements

Compound covalent is 2+ different elements are bonded e.g CH4 or HCl

Question 3

Dative Covalent Bonding

Answer 3

-One atom donates both electrons in a covalent bond

The other atom just sits on top

Question 4

Metallic Bonding

Answer 4

Metal Atoms only
Lattice - layers of cations amongst a sea of delocalised electrons (free to move)
Higher charge = higher melting point
Delocalised electrons means electricity can be conducted

Question 5

Intermolecular forces

Answer 5

• Not as strong as Ionic/ covalent bonds
  Two H2O atoms “bonded” by I.M.F as the oxygen atoms are pulled towards each other
• Ice melting is breaking of I.M.F not the covalent bond of H2O