Bonding

Question 1

Cations

Answer 1

Positive ions

Question 2

Anions

Answer 2

Negative ions

Question 3

Ionic bond

Answer 3

Electrostatic force of attraction between positive and negative ion

Question 4

Coordination number

Answer 4

Number of ions bonded

Question 5

NaCl structure and coordination number

Answer 5

Cubic lattice structure

6:6 coordination

Question 6

Covalent bond

Answer 6

Pair of electrons of opposite spins shared between 2 atoms

Question 7

Coordinate bond

Answer 7

Covalent bond where both electrons come from one of the atoms involved

Question 8

Example of electron deficient and why

Answer 8

BCl3 as boron’s outer electron not full

Question 9

Electronegativity

Answer 9

A measure of the ability of an atom in a covalent bond to attract an electron bonding pair

Question 10

Greater the “pull” (electronegativity)….

Answer 10

Greater sharing of electrons, slight negative charge

Question 11

Electronegativity increases across period

Answer 11

Increasing number of protons, no change in shielding, greater pull on electrons

Question 12

Weaker “pull” (electronegativity)…

Answer 12

Lesser share of electrons, slight positive charge

Question 13

Electronegativity decreases down group

Answer 13

Because outer shell electrons further from pull of nucleus, greater shielding affect (more shells)

Question 14

Electron density distribution in covalent bond

Answer 14

Equal sharing

Question 15

Electron density distribution in polar covalent bond

Answer 15

Inequal sharing

Question 16

Most ionic bond=biggest difference in…

Answer 16

Electronegativity

Question 17

VSEPR

Answer 17

Electrons negatively charged, repel each other, valence shell electrons pair up into orbitals, move to point of minimum repulsion

Question 18

2 bonding pairs

Answer 18

Linear

180

Question 19

3 bonding pairs

Answer 19

Trigonal Planar

120

Question 20

4 bonding pairs

Answer 20

Tetrahedral

109.5

Question 21

3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair

Answer 21

Trigonal Pyramidal

107

Question 22

2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs

Answer 22

Non linear/bond

104.5

Question 23

5 bonding pairs

Answer 23

Trigonal Bipyramidal

90 and 120

Question 24

6 bonding pairs

Answer 24

Octahedral

90

Question 25

Repulsion between lone pair and bonding pair is greater than…

Answer 25

Repulsion between 2 bonding pairs

Question 26

Covalent bonds within a molecule..

Answer 26

Intramolecular forces

Question 27

Covalent compounds have…. Between molecules

Answer 27

Intermolecular forces

Question 28

Intermolecular forces weaker than…

Answer 28

Intramolecular forces

Question 29

Intermolecular forces determine…

Answer 29

Physical properties (boiling point, solubility, volatility)

Question 30

Van der Waals forces=

And how they exist

Answer 30

Dipole-dipole force

Exist between molecules with a permanent overall dipole

Question 31

Why no overall dipole in Cl2?

Answer 31

Same electronegativity

Question 32

Intermolecular forces get stronger as…

Answer 32

Size of molecule increases so boiling point increases, more electrons going down group

Question 33

Instantaneous dipole

Answer 33

Electrons move quickly, likely that more electrons are on one side of molecule than other

Question 34

Nearby atom/molecule electrons repelled by negative end of dipole creating a ….

Answer 34

Induced dipole

Question 35

2 induced dipoles attract

Answer 35

Induced dipole-induced dipole

Van der Waals

Question 36

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 36

Force between molecules containing hydrogen covalent let bonded to highly electronegative atoms (e.g.F,O,N)

Question 37

Water is a…

Answer 37

Polar solvent, forms hydrogen bonds

Question 38

Covalent compounds are… In water

Because?

Answer 38

Soluble

Dissolve as they can form similar strength intermolecular forces with water (e.g hydrogen bond)

Question 39

Strongest to weakest bonds

Answer 39

Covalent > hydrogen > dipole-dipole > induced dipole-induced dipole