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AS Chemistry > Bonding > Flashcards

Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do chemical bonds form?

A

when atoms bond together they share or transfer electrons to achieve a more stable electron arrangement .

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2
Q

what always are involved when a bond forms?

A

electrons

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3
Q

which group in the periodic table is unreactive and have full outer main levels of electrons.

A

noble gas

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4
Q

three types of strong bonds

A

ionic, covalent and metallic

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5
Q

metals tend to ____ electrons

A

lose

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6
Q

non-metals tend to _____ electrons

A

gain

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7
Q

ionic bonding occurs between ________ and ________

A

metals and non-metals

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8
Q

how do the electrons ‘‘move’’ in an ionic bonding?

A

electrons are transferred from metal atoms to non-metal atoms.

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9
Q

what are formed in an ionic bonding?

A

positive ions and negative ions

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10
Q

can you draw a dot and cross diagram of sodium chloride?

A

1 mark for [….]
1 mark for charges
1 mark for getting the electrons configurations correct

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11
Q

what attracted two ions together?

A

electrostatic forces

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12
Q

what is the total overall charge of an ionic compound?

A

0

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13
Q

what are ionic crystals?

A

giant ionic lattices

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14
Q

can u draw a giant ionic lattice of sodium chloride?

A

…

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15
Q

do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

A

they do when are molten or dissolved but not when they are soild.

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16
Q

what melting point do ionic compounds have?

A

they have high melting points because they are held together by strong electroststic forces. it takes loads of energy to overcome these forces.

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17
Q

Do ionic compounds dissolved in water?

A

they tend to dissolve in water. water molecules are polar. the water molecules pull the ions away from the lattice and cause it to dissolved.

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18
Q

How are molecules fromed?

A

they are fromed when two or more atoms bond together- it doesnt matter if the atoms are the same or different.

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19
Q

What hold molecules together?

A

strong covalent bonds

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20
Q

what covalent bonds can be?

A

single, double and triple bonds

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21
Q

what can we use to represent covalent bonds

A

C一C

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22
Q

in covalent bonding, two atoms ______ electrons.

A

share

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23
Q

what do nuclei attracted to in a coalent bond

A

the shared electrons

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24
Q

can you draw a molecule which forms double bonds

A

CO2

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25
Q

can you draw a molecule which forms triple bonds

A

N2

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26
Q

do simple covalent cmpounds conduct electricity?

A

No, they don’t

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27
Q

simple covalent compounds have ____ melting point.

A

low

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28
Q

why do simple covalent compounds have low melting point?

A

because the weak IMF between the molecules are easily broken.

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29
Q

what is the other name for giant covalent strutures?

A

macromolecular structures

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30
Q

what is macromolecular structures

A

they have a huge network of covalently bnded atoms

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31
Q

what are the two types of macromolecular structures?

A

graphite and diamond

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32
Q

can you draw the structure of graphite?

A

…

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33
Q

can you describe the structure of graphite?

A

the carbon atoms in graphite are arranged in sheets of flat hexagons covalently bonded with three bonds each. the fourth outer electron of each carbon atom is delocalised. the sheets of hexagons are bonded together by weak WDV forces.

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34
Q

the ___ bonds between the layers in graphite are _________, so the sheets can ________.

A

the weak bonds between the layers in graphir are easily broken, so the sheets can easily slide over each other.

35
Q

can graphite conduct electricity?

A

the delocalised electrons are free to move along the sheets, so an electric current can flow.

36
Q

what is the ratio of the length of the covalent bonds compared to the length between two layers.

A

the layers are quite far apart compared to the length of the covalent bond, so graphite has a low density and is used to make strong, lightweight equipment.

37
Q

do graphite have high melting point?

A

they do have a very high melting point due to the strong covalent bonds in the hexagon sheets. 3900K

38
Q

are graphite soluble?

A

they are insoluble in any solvent. the covalent bonds in the sheets are too difficult to break.

39
Q

what does diamond make out of?

A

Carbon atoms

40
Q

can u draw the shape of diamond?

A

….

41
Q

each carbon atom is _________to four other ______

A

covalently bonded, carbon atoms

42
Q

what is the shape of carbon atoms in diamonds and what structure is it?

A

tetrahedral shape, crystal lattice strusture

43
Q

does diamond have a hight melting point?

A

yes, because of the strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms. (3800K)

44
Q

diamon is extremely _____

A

hard

45
Q

________ travel easily through the __________, so it’s a good ________

A

vibrations, stiff lattice , thermal conductor

46
Q

can diamond conduct electricity?

A

no, it doesn’t have free electrons

47
Q

will diamond dissolve in any solvent?

A

No, the covalent bonds are too strong

48
Q

what is a co-ordinate bond?

A

one of the atoms provides both of the shared electrons

49
Q

in H3O+, which atom is electrons donor?

A

Oxygen

50
Q

what does the shape of a molecule depend on?

A

the number of pairs of electrons in the outer shell of the central atom

51
Q

shared electrons are called ______.

A

bonding pairs

52
Q

unshared electrons are called _____.

A

lone pairs

53
Q

what is a charge cloud?

A

a charge cloud is an area where you have a really big chance of finding an electron pair.

54
Q

bonding pairs and lone pairs of electrons exist as ______

A

charge clouds

55
Q

electrons are all ________, so they will _____ each other as much as they can.

A

negatively charged, repel

56
Q

lone pair charge clouds _________ bonding pair charge clouds

A

repel more than

57
Q

what combination of electron pairs has the greatest angle

A

lone pairs

58
Q

what do lone pairs always do to the bonding pairs?

A

bonding pairs are pushed by lone pairs so the angle between two bonding pairs get reduced.

59
Q

can you draw out and name the shape of BeCl2?

A

…..linear shape

60
Q

do you the bond angle of BeCl2?

A

180

61
Q

can you draw and name the shape of BF3?

A

…..trigonal planar

62
Q

what is the bond angle of BF3

A

120

63
Q

which shape has the bond angle of 180?

A

linear shape

64
Q

can you draw and name the shape of NH4+?

A

…..tetrahedral

65
Q

what is the bond angle of NH4+

A

109.5

66
Q

which shape has the bond angle of 120

A

trigonal planar

67
Q

can you draw and name the shape of NH3

A

…. trigonal pyramidal

68
Q

what is the bond angle of NH3

A

107

69
Q

what is the bond angle does a tetrahedral molecule have?

A

109.5

70
Q

can you draw and name the shape of water?

A

……non-linear

71
Q

what is the bond angle of water

A

104.5

72
Q

which shape has the bond angle of 107

A

trigonal pyramidal

73
Q

can you draw and name the shape of PCl5

A

trigonal bipyramidal

74
Q

what the bond angle of PCl5?

A

90, 120

75
Q

can you draw and name the shape of SF6

A

…octahedral

76
Q

what the bond angle of SF6

A

90

77
Q

which shape has the bond angle of 104.5

A

bent

78
Q

what is the bond angle of a molecule which has trigonal bipyramidal shape.

A

90, 120

79
Q

metal elements exist as _____________.

A

giant metallic lattice structure

80
Q

the ________ shell of electrons of a metal atom is _______.

A

outermost, delocalised

81
Q

the ______metal ions are _________to the ___________ electrons.

A

positive, attracted , negative delocalised

82
Q

what affects the melting points in a metallic lattice structure.

A

the number of electrons

83
Q

the more _______, the stronger the metallic bonding will be and therefore higher _____________ .

A

electrons, the melting point

AS Chemistry (11 decks)

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